Studies on Influencing Factors of Ammonium Rhenate Recovery from Waste Superalloy

Tang, Junjie; Sun, Yuan; Hou, Guichen; Ding, Yutian; He, Fengwei; Zhou, Yizhou

doi:10.3390/app8112016

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As illustrated by Figure 2 was the experimental flow chart of a hydrogen reduction of ammonium perrhenate in this study. Ammonium perrhenate (99.99%, Re ≥ 69.4%) was prepared with deionized water into a saturated solution at room temperature, the room temperature was about 25 • C. Then the saturated solution of ammonium perrhenate at room temperature was placed in an RE-2000A rotary evaporator, and part of the water was evaporated to form a hot saturated solution at 120 • C [28]. The thermally saturated solution of ammonium perrhenate was introduced into the recrystallization condensation reactor; the stirring speed and cooling temperature were adjusted and recrystallized at 5 • C for 3 h. Finally, the cooled solid-liquid mixture was filtered and dried to obtain ammonium perrhenate crystals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Mechanism and Process Control of Hydrogen Reduction of Ammonium Perrhenate

Tang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2020

Metals

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The preparation of rhenium powder by a hydrogen reduction of ammonium perrhenate is the only industrial production method. However, due to the uneven particle size distribution and large particle size of rhenium powder, it is difficult to prepare high-density rhenium ingot. Moreover, the existing process requires a secondary high-temperature reduction and the deoxidization process is complex and requires a high-temperature resistance of the equipment. Attempting to tackle the difficulties, this paper described a novel process to improve the particle size distribution uniformity and reduce the particle size of rhenium powder, aiming to produce a high-density rhenium ingot, and ammonium perrhenate is completely reduced by hydrogen at a low temperature. When the particle size of the rhenium powder was 19.74 µm, the density of the pressed rhenium ingot was 20.106 g/cm3, which was close to the theoretical density of rhenium. In addition, the hydrogen reduction mechanism of ammonium perrhenate was investigated in this paper. The results showed that the disproportionation of ReO3 decreased the rate of the reduction reaction, and the XRD and XPS patterns showed that the increase in the reduction temperature was conducive to increasing the reduction reaction rate and reducing the influence of disproportionation on the reduction process. At the same reduction temperature, reducing the particle sizes of ammonium perrhenate was conducive to increasing the hydrogen reduction rate and reducing the influence of the disproportionation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Mechanism and Process Control of Hydrogen Reduction of Ammonium Perrhenate

Tang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…(1) The sample preparation of ammonium perrhenate: The NH 4 ReO 4 raw material was dissolved in deionized water to form a supersaturated solution at room temperature (25 • C). The NH 4 ReO 4 solution was then evaporated to the RE-2000A rotary evaporator (oil bath temperature 120 • C) and formed the supersaturated solution at a high temperature [18]. The hot supersaturated solution was passed into the recrystallization condensation reactor, the stirring strength of the reactor was adjusted to cool during crystallization, the recrystallization time was 3 h, the recrystallized solid-liquid mixtures were filtered by the vacuum filter extractor, the solid samples were obtained and dried prior in the oven to being measured, and the oven temperature was 60…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influences of Stirring on the Recrystallization of Ammonium Perrhenate

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Ammonium perrhenate is widely used in alloy manufacturing, powder processing, the catalytic industry, and other fields. Recrystallization can improve the specific surface area of ammonium perrhenate, reduce its particle size, and improve its particle size distribution uniformity. Therefore, recrystallized ammonium perrhenate can obtain better application benefits in the above fields. Stirring is an important factor that affects the recrystallization of ammonium perrhenate, and this paper systematically analyzes the influence of the stirring paddle types and stirring intensities on ammonium perrhenate during the homogeneous recrystallization process, ultimately revealing the relationship between the growth rate of ammonium perrhenate and the stirring process. Particle image velocimetry physical simulation results showed that the flow field in the reactor was more evenly distributed when using the disc turbine impeller, and a relatively uniform velocity liquid flow area was formed in the whole reactor, while the low-velocity liquid flow area was smaller. Therefore, this information, combined with SEM test results, suggests that under the same recrystallization time and stirring intensity, the stirring effect of a disc turbine impeller is more suitable than a propelling propeller and an Intermig impeller for the recrystallization process of ammonium perrhenate. Moreover, the XRD patterns and SEM analysis showed that if the agglomeration in the systems was too strong or too weak, the growths of the (101) crystal plane and (112) crystal plane were restrained, which caused an attenuation in the growth rates along the crystallographic directions that were orthogonal to the crystal faces. Finally, the reduction experiments show that the recrystallization of ammonium perrhenate could improve the phase parameters of rhenium powders.

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“…Then, after concentration, the ammonium perrhenate, the main commercial rhenium compound, is produced. Limited access to primary sources leads to the recycling of rhenium from spent catalysts and superalloy waste [15][16][17]. Nowadays, there exist numerous technologies including recovery for the rhenium from deactivated catalysts [7,8,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of the Density and Solubility of Ammonium Perrhenate and Potassium Perrhenate Aqueous Solutions

Orda,

Drzazga,

Leszczyńska-Sejda

et al. 2023

Materials

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Rhenium is largely used as an additive to nickel- and cobalt-based superalloys. Their resistance to temperature and corrosion makes them suitable for the production of turbines in civil and military aviation, safety valves in drilling platforms, and tools working at temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. The purity of commercial rhenium salts is highly important. Potassium, which is a particularly undesirable element, can be removed by recrystallization. Therefore, it is crucial to possess detailed knowledge concerning process parameters including the dissolved solid concentration and the resulting saturation temperature. This can be achieved using simple densimetric methods. Due to the fact that data concerning the physicochemical properties of ammonium perrhenate (APR) NH4ReO4 and potassium perrhenate (PPR) KReO4 are imprecise or unavailable in the scientific literature, the goal of this study is to present experimental data including the solubility and density of water solutions of both salts. In the experiments, a densimeter with a vibrating cell was used to precisely determine the densities. Although the investigated solutions did not fit into the earlier proposed mathematical model, some crucial conclusions could still be made based on the results.

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Studies on Influencing Factors of Ammonium Rhenate Recovery from Waste Superalloy

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Reaction Mechanism and Process Control of Hydrogen Reduction of Ammonium Perrhenate

Reaction Mechanism and Process Control of Hydrogen Reduction of Ammonium Perrhenate

The Influences of Stirring on the Recrystallization of Ammonium Perrhenate

Investigations of the Density and Solubility of Ammonium Perrhenate and Potassium Perrhenate Aqueous Solutions

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