Studies on influenza virus hemagglutination inhibition by anti-host serum

Neutralization of Animal Viruses

“…Goat anti-rabbit globulin neutralized more than 99.9%. The same gcneral phenomenon has been described for adenovirus (Kjellh and Pereira, 1968), poliovirus in human stool specimens (Keller and Dwyer, 1968), vaccinia virus (Majer and Link, 1970), influenza virus (Majer and Link, 1971), VEE virus (Hahon, 1970a), equine arteritis virus (Radwan and Burger, 1973a), NDV (B. Mandel, unpublished observation), and bacteriophages T1 and T6 (Goodman and Donch, 1965), f2 (Dudley e t al., 1970), and T2 (Adler et al, 1971).…”

“…A reduction, but not complete elimination, was reported for VEE virus (Hahon, 1970b) and rhinovirus (Fiala, 1969). In other studies it was reported that filtration had no effect on the nonneutralized level or neutralization characteristics (Ashe et al, 1969;Hyllseth and Petterson, 1970;Majer and Link, 1970;Huggett et al, 1972;Lewenton-Kriss and Mandel, 1972), although elimination of a short lag period (Majer and Link, 1970) and a slight increase in neutralization rate (Lewenton-Kriss and Mandel, 1972) were observed. Baughman et al (1968) described a complex result with respiratory syncytial virus.…”

“…Although Dulbecco et al eliminated several explanations, e.g., dissociation, participation of nonantibody serum components, and hereditary heterogeneity, a positive explanation had yet to be found. Subsequent studies indicated that this phenomenon was characteristic of a wide variety of viruses (Wallis and Melnick, 1967), e.g., picornavirus (Dulbecco et al, 1956;Mandel, 1958;Bradish et al, 1962;Wallis and Melnick, 1965;Ozaki, 1968;Fiala, 1969;Lewenton-Kriss and Mandel, 1972), myxovirus (Lafferty, 1963a,b), paramyxovirus (Granoff, 1965), poxvirus (Lafferty, 1963a,b ;McNeill, 1968;Majer and Link, 1970), togavirus (Dulbecco et al, 1956;Hashi-mot0 and Prince, 1963;Rawls et aE., 1967;Ozaki and Tabeyi, 1967;Westaway, 1968;Hahon, 1970b;Symington et al, 19771, herpesvirus (Yoshino and Taniguchi, 1965b), equine arteritis virus (Hyllseth and Petterson, 19701, reovirus (Huggett et al, 1972), and bacteriophages (Hale et al, 1969;Rappaport, 1970). Kjellh (1962) observed a gradual increase in resistance to neutralization the longer adenovirus reacted with antiserum.…”

“…Hahon (1970a) expressed the opinion that assaying for neutralization by the use of specific serum and antiglobuh when carried out by the quenching of fluorescence of infected cells was more sensitive than by the quenching of infectivity in mice. Majer and Link (1970) studied the kinetics of neutralization of vaccinia virus. Neutralization by human antiviral IgG showed a slight lag, followed by an exponential decline and leveling off.…”

“…The interaction of hemagglutinin with antibody results in neutralization, unlike the reaction of neuraminidase with antibody. A study of each antigen-antibody reaction (Majer and Link, 1971) showed that the hemagglutinin reaction was insensitive to antiglobulin. However, addition of antiglobulin to the neuraminidase reaction resulted in neutralization.…”