Studies on intramucosal carcinoma of the stomach with lymph node metastasis.

Pathological appearance of the stomach after endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer

“…These findings suggest that depth of invasion observed in the endoscopically-resected specimen may represent the depth of the entire lesion. There is general agreement that the incidence of lymph node metastasis is increased in submucosal carcinoma up to a rate of 20 per cent compared with 3 per cent in mucosal carcinoma 4,5 . If cancer cells are found in lymphatic vessels or invading the deeper layer of the submucosa, surgical excision is the treatment of choice.…”

High microvascular density is correlated with high VEGF, iNOS and COX‐2 expression in penetrating growth‐type early gastric carcinomas

“…1 The prognosis is excellent with a >90% 5-year survival rate. 2 However, cancers exhibiting submucosal invasion have greater potential for lymph node metastasis than equivalent intramucosal lesions, 3 and are more likely to cause patient death. Therefore, it is important to clarify the mechanisms underlying submucosal invasion.…”

Effect of obesity on laparoscopy‐assisted distal gastrectomy compared with open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

“…Recent data have shown that gastric cancer is both the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide [22], and it is one of the most common malignancies in Japan [23]. Favorable surgical results are attributed to early diagnosis and standardization of surgical procedures [24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”