Studies on Intravenous Regional Analgesia of the Hind Limb in the Bovine

Abstract

Summary Twenty‐five buffalo calves (age: 14 ± 1.9 months; body weight: 102 ± 9.4 kg) were subjected to intravenous regional analgesia (IRA) of the hind limb with 2 % lignocaine HCl (4 mg/kg b. w.), infused through the dorsal digital vein. In control animals 15 ml of normal saline was infused. The effect of tourniquet release after 35 (8 calves) and 65 min (7 calves) on EEG, ECG, arterial and venous pressures, blood gases and pH, respiration and temperature were studied. A detectable concentration of lignocaine occurred before the release of tourniquet. The lignocaine concentration recorded in the systemic circulation did not produce any significant nervous or cardiovascular changes before or after release of tourniquet. Transient EEG and ECG changes were seen in six (tourniquet release after 35 min) and three (tourniquet release after 65 min) IRA animals, respectively. No significant changes were seen in heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial and central venous pressures. Arterial blood pH, PCO2 and HCO3‐ concentration showed no significant differences. Animals receiving IRA did not show hypoxaemia typical to postural changes.

Review of digital anatomy, infectious causes of lameness, and regional intravenous perfusion in cattle

“…24 Systemic lidocaine concentrations also peaked by 5 minutes post-tourniquet release, with no evidence of toxic effects, if dosed at 1.8 mg/ lb (4 mg/kg) in an RIVP in otherwise healthy buffalo. 55 These authors determined that systemic lidocaine concentrations following IVRA in the hindlimb of healthy buffalo calves did not produce any clinically significant neurologic or cardiovascular changes before or after tourniquet release. 55…”

“…55 These authors determined that systemic lidocaine concentrations following IVRA in the hindlimb of healthy buffalo calves did not produce any clinically significant neurologic or cardiovascular changes before or after tourniquet release. 55…”

“…13,42 When local anesthetics are regionally perfused into a limb, the technique is often referred to as regional intravenous anesthesia, or the 'Bier block', named after the German surgeon who first described the procedure in 1908. 21 Since that time, regional anesthesia has been modified, welldescribed 7,16,[43][44][45][46][47]68,74,88,89,110,135,147,159,161,164 and used extensively in large animal veterinary medicine, particularly in cattle but also in buffalo, 55,86,103 camels, 111 goats, 10 pigs, 135 and horses.…”

“…Use of a tourniquet in regional perfusion of a limb with either local anesthetics or antibiotics has been described in both human and veterinary medicine, and also has application in the surgical realm to reduce blood loss and improve visualization of the surgical site. 22 Tourniquet use is described in a variety of veterinary species including horses, 120 cattle, 55,91 sheep, 128 dogs, 163 and cats. 82 In human medicine, advances in tourniquet instrumentation have included routine use of pneumatic tourniquets, as well as microcomputer-based tourniquet systems complete with audiovisual alarms in the event that hazardously high or low cuff pressures are present.…”

Darstellung und Durchmesserbestimmung der Arterien und Venen am Hinterfuß des Rindes mittels B‐Mode Sonographie

“…Die oftmals zu beobachtenden hochgradigen Gewebsveranderungen, Zyanose und Nekrose der Haut bei fortgeschrittenen Fallen septischer Erkrankungen im Zehenbereich sind Zeichen einer Mitbeteiligung des GefaBsystems, ein Umstand, der in der Literatur bislang wenig Beachtung fand (MANOHAR et al, 1973;DIRKSEN, 1978). Im Rahmen der Therapie werden die gestauten Digitalvenen beim Rind zur Applikation der lokalen intravenosen Stauungsanasthesie/-antibiose verwendet (WEAVER, 1972;FESSL und AWAD-MASALMEH, 1975; STEINER et al, 1990; GOGOI et al, 1991; STANEK, 1994). Studien uber die Anatomie der Gef&e am Hinterfufl des Rindes beschreiben in erster Linie ihren Verlauf und die Aufzweigungen (WILKENS und BADAWI, 1962; GHOSHAL et al, 1981;ASHDOWN und DONE, 1984;NICKEL et al, 1984) (HEINZE et al 1973).…”