Studies on manifestations of canine distemper virus infection in an urban dog population

Blixenkrone-Møller, Merete; Svansson, Vilhjálmur; Have, P.; Örvell, Claes; Appel, M. J. G.; Pedersen, Ib Rode; Dietz, H. H.; Henriksen, Peter

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(93)90190-i

Cited by 104 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All experimental procedures were in accordance with the requirements of the Danish Animal Care and Ethics Committee. First, to isolate the DK91 wildtype CDV in vivo, a pooled lung and spleen organ homogenate from an acute distemper-diseased pup (Blixenkrone-Møller et al, 1993) was inoculated into two young CDV-naive mink. One week postinoculation (p.i.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host

Nielsen

Søgaard

Jensen

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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The mechanisms behind the in vivo virulence of immunosuppressive wild-type morbillivirus infections are still not fully understood. To investigate lymphotropism and host responses, we have selected the natural host model of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in mink. This model displays multisystemic infection, similar to measles virus and rinderpest virus infections in their susceptible natural hosts. The wild-type CDVs investigated provoked marked virulence differences, inducing mild versus marked to severe acute disease. The mildly virulent wild-type virus induced transient lymphopenia, despite the development of massive infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exceeding that determined for the highly virulent wild-type virus, indicating an inverse relationship between acute virulence and the extent of viraemia in the investigated wild-type viruses. Single-cell cytokine production in PBMCs was investigated throughout the acute infections. We observed Th1-and Th2-type cytokine responses beginning in the prodromal phase, and late inflammatory responses were shared between the wild-type infections. INTRODUCTIONMorbilliviruses are lymphotrophic and induce multisystemic infections in their highly susceptible natural hosts, causing disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Members of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae include Measles virus (MV) of primates, Canine distemper virus (CDV) of carnivores and Rinderpest virus (RPV) of cloven-hoofed animals. Natural infections by all of these share common features, including lymphopenia and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in the acute phase (Griffin, 2007;Heaney et al., 2002;von Messling et al., 2003;Yanagi et al., 2006). Although live vaccines have effectively reduced the incidence of disease, the highly contagious morbilliviruses are still a major problem in human and veterinary medicine (Greene & Appel, 2006;Rima & Duprex, 2006). Like MV and RPV, CDV causes a typical acute infection characterized by virus replication in cells of the lymphoid system, with subsequent spread to tissues throughout the body. Acute clinical morbillivirus disease often takes a fatal course in highly susceptible natural hosts such as young dogs, mink and ferrets due to the highly multisystemic virulence, which includes central nervous system (CNS) involvement and profound immunosuppression, favouring opportunistic secondary pathogens (Appel, 1969;Blixenkrone-Møller, 1989;Kauffman et al., 1982;von Messling et al., 2006). Despite the clinically relevant immunosuppression, another hallmark of virulent morbillivirus infections is the induction of efficient and lifelong humoral and cellular immunity in hosts that eventually survive and appear to clear the virus (Appel et al., 1982;Griffin, 2007).The molecular events behind morbillivirus-induced perturbation of the immune system have been studied extensively and, based on in vitro studies, several mechanisms have been proposed to be involved (Heaney et al., 2002;Schneider-Schaulies & Dittme...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host

Nielsen

Søgaard

Jensen

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…A enfermidade caracteriza-se por febre bifásica, pústulas abdominais, sinais sistêmicos e neurológicos, ocorrendo com maior freqüência em filhotes com três a seis meses de idade (MAES et al, 2003). A infecção pelo CDV possui distribuição mundial e surtos têm sido relatados na Europa (BLIXENKRONE-MÖLLER et al, 1993;EK-KOMMONEN et al, 1997) e nos Estados Unidos (PATRONEK et al, 1995;MAES et al, 2003). No Brasil, alguns relatos clínico-patológicos e sorológicos indicam a presença da infecção na população canina (HEADLEY & GRAÇA, 2000;SCHMIDT et al, 2004;SILVA et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Soroprevalência das infecções por parvovírus, adenovírus, coronavírus canino e pelo vírus da cinomose em cães de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

2007

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Seroprevalence of parvovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus and canine distemper virus infectionsin dogs of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil CPV in 68.7% (561/817), to CAV in 43% (353/817) RESUMO As infecções pelo vírus da cinomose (CDV), por parvovírus (CPV), adenovírus (CAV) e coronavírus (CCoV ABSTRACT Canine distemper virus (CDV), parvovirus (CPV), adenovirus (CAV) and coronavirus (CCoV) infections have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality among dogs worldwide yet very little is known about these infections in Brazil. As to determine the prevalence of these infections in the canine population of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 817 blood samples were collected from non-vaccinated dogs of 14 neighborhoods and tested for specific antibodies. Antibodies to CDV were detected in 27.3% (223/817) of the samples, to

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“…Live attenuated vaccines against CDV have existed since the 1950s and their application led to a drastic reduction in CDV epidemics. However, between 1991 and 1995 there were several big outbreaks in France, Japan, Germany and Scandinavia which especially affected dogs with a high vaccination rate (Blixenkrone-Moller et al, 1993;Gemma et al, 1996). The Membrane fusion induced by paramyxoviruses is an essential step in the viral infection cycle that is mediated by cooperation of both viral envelope glycoproteins, the attachment protein (H or G) and the fusion protein (F).…”

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confidence: 99%

N-(3-Cyanophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide, an effective inhibitor of morbillivirus-induced membrane fusion with low cytotoxicity

Singethan

Hiltensperger

Kendl

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Based on the structural similarity of viral fusion proteins within the family Paramyxoviridae, we tested recently described and newly synthesized acetanilide derivatives for their capacity to inhibit measles virus (MV)-, canine distemper virus (CDV)-and Nipah virus (NiV)-induced membrane fusion. We found that N-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide (compound 1) has a high capacity to inhibit MV-and CDV-induced (IC 50 53 mM), but not NiV-induced, membrane fusion. This compound is of outstanding interest because it can be easily synthesized and its cytotoxicity is low [50 % cytotoxic concentration (CC 50 )¢300 mM], leading to a CC 50 /IC 50 ratio of approximately 100. In addition, primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes and primary dog brain cell cultures (DBC) also tolerate high concentrations of compound 1. Infection of human PBMC with recombinant wild-type MV is inhibited by an IC 50 of approximately 20 mM. The cell-tocell spread of recombinant wild-type CDV in persistently infected DBC can be nearly completely inhibited by compound 1 at 50 mM, indicating that the virus spread between brain cells is dependent on the activity of the viral fusion protein. Our findings demonstrate that this compound is a most applicable inhibitor of morbillivirus-induced membrane fusion in tissue culture experiments including highly sensitive primary cells. INTRODUCTIONThe genus of closely related viruses Morbillivirus, contains measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), which cause devastating diseases in their hosts. MV, one of the most contagious aerosol-transmitted viruses, still causes more than 100 000 deaths each year. After entering the upper respiratory tract, MV exhibits a pronounced tropism for mono-and lymphocytic cells and soon viral replication is detected in draining lymph nodes (Pfeuffer et al., 2003; de Swart et al., 2007;Ferreira et al., 2010). During measles, patients develop a pronounced leukopenia that may be due to enhanced adhesion of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs (Nanan et al., 1999; Dittmar et al., 2008). In immunocompetent patients, MV infection is usually cleared by the virus-specific immune response, while the general immune response to other antigens is suppressed for several weeks after the rash (reviewed by ). Following replication in lymphoid tissues, virus spreads to various organs and can be detected in the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and the eyes. It may also enter the brain (reviewed by Ludlow et al., 2009). CNS complications are acute post-infectious measles encephalitis and, based on a persistent infection, subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis (SSPE), which is always lethal. SSPE does not occur after measles vaccination (Duclos & Ward, 1998).CDV causes systemic infections similar to but distinct from human measles in carnivores such as canines, felids, ferrets, raccoons and seals, with lethality rates, depending on the host, of up to 100 % (Appel et al., 1972;Harder & Osterhaus, 1997;von Messling et al., 2003). In a high percentage of animals the CNS is inf...

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Studies on manifestations of canine distemper virus infection in an urban dog population

Cited by 104 publications

References 18 publications

Lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host

Lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host

Soroprevalência das infecções por parvovírus, adenovírus, coronavírus canino e pelo vírus da cinomose em cães de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

N-(3-Cyanophenyl)-2-phenylacetamide, an effective inhibitor of morbillivirus-induced membrane fusion with low cytotoxicity

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