Studies on micro-structural and electrical properties of spray-deposited fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films from low-cost precursor

Elangovan, E.; Ramamurthi, K.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2004.09.022

Cited by 166 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The optimum deposition rate of 27 nm·min −1 was achieved through a trial of different pulsing frequency, duty cycle and target to substrate distance, using the SnO2 powder target. The achieved deposition rate is higher than that reported in other deposition techniques such as spray pyrolosis [11]. The deposition rate for the different powder targets was found not vary during this study.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…A preferred orientation can also be affected by experimental parameters, such as the growth temperature [29,30], coating thickness [31] and fluorine doping level [9,11].…”

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is probably attributed to the solubility limit of fluorine into the tin oxide lattice [11], and probably the cause for the reduction in the grain size, as observed in Table 3 [3]. The excess fluorine atoms do not occupy the correct position within the lattice, which leads to disorder of the structure, grain boundary scattering and therefore to a decrease in the free carrier concentration (Nd) and mobility and an increase in the resistivity (7.04 × 10 Ω·cm, respectively).…”

Section: ×10 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excess fluorine atoms do not occupy the correct position within the lattice, which leads to disorder of the structure, grain boundary scattering and therefore to a decrease in the free carrier concentration (Nd) and mobility and an increase in the resistivity (7.04 × 10 Ω·cm, respectively). The effect of the fluorine content on the electrical properties of FTO was investigated by Elangovan et al, who reported the degradation in the electrical properties is probably due to the solubility limit of fluorine content in the thin film [11]. Kim et al found that a saturation carrier concentration (Nd) is achieved due to the formation of Sn-F complexes in the grain boundaries when using higher than 10 wt.% of SnF2 in target [9].…”

Section: ×10 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FTO is mechanically, chemically and electrochemically stable [3], and it is utilized in numerous technologies including; thin film solar cells [4], dielectric layers in low emissivity coatings for windows [5], in gas sensors applications [6] and in liquid crystal displays [7]. There are a number of methods/techniques to grow SnO2 (either doped or un-doped) films, including chemical vapor deposition [8], pulsed laser deposition [9], DC reactive sputtering [10] and spray pyrolysis [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical and Optical Properties of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

et al. 2014

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Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coatings have been prepared using the mid-frequency pulsed DC closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique in an Ar/O2 atmosphere using blends of tin oxide and tin fluoride powder formed into targets. FTO coatings were deposited with a thickness of 400 nm on glass substrates. No post-deposition annealing treatments were carried out. The effects of the chemical composition on the structural (phase, grain size), optical (transmission, optical band-gap) and electrical (resistivity, charge carrier, mobility) properties of the thin films were investigated. Depositing FTO by magnetron sputtering is an environmentally friendly technique and the use of loosely packed blended powder targets gives an efficient means of screening candidate compositions, which also provides a low cost operation. The best film characteristics were achieved using a mass ratio of 12% SnF2 to 88% SnO2 in the target. The thin film produced was polycrystalline with a tetragonal crystal structure. The optimized conditions resulted in a thin film with average visible transmittance of 83% and optical band-gap of 3.80 eV, resistivity of 6.71 × 10

show abstract

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…A preferred orientation can also be affected by experimental parameters, such as the growth temperature [29,30], coating thickness [31] and fluorine doping level [9,11].…”

Section: Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ×10 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ×10 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical and Optical Properties of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

et al. 2014

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Highly Improved Photocurrent Density and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells via Inclined Fluorine Sputtering Process

Cho

Son

Park

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Increase in incident light and surface modification of the charge transport layer are powerful routes to achieve high‐performance efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by improving the short‐circuit current density (JSC) and charge transport characteristics, respectively. However, few techniques are studied to reduce reflection loss and simultaneously improve the electrical performance of the electron transport layer (ETL). Herein, an inclined fluorine (F) sputtering process to fabricate high‐performance PSCs is proposed. The proposed process simultaneously implements the antireflection effect of F coating and the effect of F doping on a TiO2 ETL, which increases the amount of light transmitted into the PSC due to the extremely low refractive index (≈1.39) and drastically improves the electrical properties of TiO2. Consequently, the JSC of the F coating and doping perovskite solar cell (F‐PSC) increased from 25.05 to 26.01 mA cm−2, and the power conversion efficiency increased from 24.17% to 25.30%. The unencapsulated F‐PSC exhibits enhanced air stability after 900 h of exposure to ambient environment atmosphere (30% relative humidity, 25 °C under dark condition). The inclined F sputtering process in this study can become a universal method for PSCs from the development stage to commercialization in the future.

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Fabrication and processing of bacterial cellulose/silver nanowire composites as transparent, conductive, and flexible films for optoelectronic applications

Gounden

Pillay

Moodley

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work reports on the engineering and fabrication of transparent, conductive, and flexible films made as a composite of bacterial cellulose microfibers (BMF), a polymer (either PVA or PEO), and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as viable and cost‐effective replacements to commercial indium‐tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) transparent conductors. The studies conducted indicate that the optical and mechanical properties of BMF‐polymer substrates are tuneable by varying the ratio of BMF to polymer. An optimized ratio of 70:30 of BMF to polymer was established for BMF‐PVA and BMF‐PEO composites. The optimized composite films were coated with varying amounts of AgNWs. As the AgNW loading increased, the deposition density of AgNW networks increased, while the sheet resistance and optical transmittance decreased. The optimum AgNW loading was determined at 0.20 mg for both composite films. The BMF‐PVA‐AgNW film displayed transmittance between 81% and 71% and an average resistivity of 9.462 ± 0.588 Ω/sq while the BMF‐PEO‐AgNW films showed transmittance between 73% and 65% and an average resistivity of 9.388 ± 0.1.375 Ω/sq. These properties compared well to that of commercial ITO and FTO glass substrates. The findings promote cellulose‐based composites as low‐cost, lightweight, and durable substrates for optoelectronic applications.

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Studies on micro-structural and electrical properties of spray-deposited fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films from low-cost precursor

Cited by 166 publications

References 28 publications

Electrical and Optical Properties of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

Electrical and Optical Properties of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

Highly Improved Photocurrent Density and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells via Inclined Fluorine Sputtering Process

Fabrication and processing of bacterial cellulose/silver nanowire composites as transparent, conductive, and flexible films for optoelectronic applications

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