Studies on microbial chromate reduction by <i>Pseudomonas</i> Sp. In aerobic continuous suspended growth cultures

Gopalan, Romila D.; Veeramani, Harish

doi:10.1002/bit.260430606

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is obvious that there is high variety of identified microorganisms, reactor types, initial Cr(VI) concentrations, experimental conditions and removal efficiencies. A complication arises from the fact that different researchers express chromium reduction rates in several different ways (e.g., mg Cr(VI)/L h (DeLeo and Ehrlich, 1994; this study)), mg Cr(VI)/g dry biomass h (Ferro Orozco et al, 2010;Krauter et al, 1996;Shen and Wang, 1994a), mg Cr(VI)/mg protein h (Garbisu et al, 1998;McLean and Beveridge, 2001;Pei et al, 2009) and percent reduction rate (Ahmad et al, 2010;Congeevaram et al, 2007;Desai et al, 2008;Fulladosa et al, 2006;Gopalan and Veeramani, 1994;Shen and Wang, 1994b;Wang and Shen, 1997;Ye et al, 2010;Zahoor and Rehman, 2009). Thus, a direct comparison of the efficiency of Cr(VI) reducing systems becomes very difficult if not impossible.…”

Section: Sc Culture: Chromium Reduction and Microbial Community Strucmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Advances in the field of environmental microbiology and biotechnology indicate that bacteria (Ahmad et al, 2010;Cheung and Gu, 1990;Congeevaram et al, 2007;Dermou et al, 2005;Gadd, 1990;Garbisu et al, 1998;Stasinakis et al, 2002;Zouboulis et al, 2004), fungi (Congeevaram et al, 2007;Kapoor and Viraraghavan, 1995;Sa, 2001;Sanghi and Sankararamakrishnan, 2009), yeast (Blackwell et al, 1995;Chen and Wang, 2007;Krauter et al, 1996), and algae (Bankar et al, 2009;Muñoz and Guieysse, 2006) either as pure or mixed cultures, can remove, chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. Different species of Pseudomonas, Sporophyticus, Bacillus, Phanerochaete have been reported to be efficient chromium reducers (Desai et al, 2008;Gopalan and Veeramani, 1994;McLean and Beveridge, 2001;Molokwane et al, 2008;Pogaku and Kulkarni, 2006;Velásquez and Dussan, 2009;Zahoor and Rehman, 2009). Among the chromium reducing fungi are yeasts of the genus Candida (Wang and Chen, 2009), Saccharomyces (Chen and Wang, 2007;Kapoor and Viraraghavan, 1995;Krauter et al, 1996;Ö zer and Ö zer, 2003;Wang and Chen, 2009;Zhao and Duncan, 1998) and the filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus (Congeevaram et al, 2007;Kapoor and Viraraghavan, 1995;Wang and Chen, 2009), Penicillium (Kapoor and Viraraghavan, 1995;Wang an...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The effect of carbon source on microbial community structure and Cr(VI) reduction rate

Tekerlekopoulou

Tsiamis

Dermou

et al. 2010

Biotech & Bioengineering

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In the present work, the effect of the carbon source on microbial community structure in batch cultures derived from industrial sludge and hexavalent chromium reduction was studied. Experiments in aerobic batch reactors were carried out by amending industrial sludge with two different carbon sources: sodium acetate and sucrose. In each of the experiments performed, four different initial Cr(VI) concentrations of: 6, 13, 30 and 115 mg/L were tested. The change of carbon source in the batch reactor from sodium acetate to sucrose led to a 1.3-2.1 fold increase in chromium reduction rate and to a 5- to 9.5-fold increase in biomass. Analysis of the microbial structure in the batch reactor showed that the dominant communities were bacterial species (Acinetobacter lwoffii, Defluvibacter lusatiensis, Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis, Mesorhizium chacoense, and Flavobacterium suncheonense) when sodium acetate was used as carbon source and fungal strains (Trichoderma viride and Pichia jadinii), when sodium acetate was replaced by sucrose. These results indicate that the carbon source is a key parameter for microbial dynamics and enhanced chromium reduction and should be taken into account for efficient bioreactor design.

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Section: Sc Culture: Chromium Reduction and Microbial Community Strucmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of carbon source on microbial community structure and Cr(VI) reduction rate

Tekerlekopoulou

Tsiamis

Dermou

et al. 2010

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…This approach is taken in the bioremediation of Cr(VI) pollution. It shows promise for solving pollution problems and has advantages over various other physical and chemical methods.Chromate-reducing activities can be found in the cell extracts of many bacteria (4,5,8,10,13,18,25,30,(33)(34)(35). Chromate reductase can reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) by reducing it to Cr(III) and lowering its solubility (5, 9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vibrio harveyi Nitroreductase Is Also a Chromate Reductase

Kwak

Lee

Kim

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

144

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The chromate reductase purified from Pseudomonas ambigua was found to be homologous with several nitroreductases. Escherichia coli DH5␣ and Vibrio harveyi KCTC 2720 nitroreductases were chosen for the present study, and their chromate-reducing activities were determined. A fusion between glutathione Stransferase (GST) and E. coli DH5␣ NfsA (GST-EcNfsA), a fusion between GST and E. coli DH5␣ NfsB (GST-EcNfsB), and a fusion between GST and V. harveyi KCTC 2720 NfsA (GST-VhNfsA) were prepared for their overproduction and easy purification. GST-EcNfsA, GST-EcNFsB, and GST-VhNFsA efficiently reduced nitrofurazone and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as their nitro substrates. The K m values for GST-EcNfsA, GST-EcNfsB, and GST-VhNfsA for chromate reduction were 11.8, 23.5, and 5.4 M, respectively. The V max values for GST-EcNfsA, GST-EcNfsB, and GST-VhNfsA were 3.8, 3.9, and 10.7 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. GST-VhNfsA was the most effective of the three chromate reductases, as determined by each V max /K m value. The optimal temperatures of GST-EcNfsA, GST-EcNfsB, and GST-VhNfsA for chromate reduction were 55, 30, and 30°C, respectively. Thus, it is confirmed that nitroreductase can also act as a chromate reductase. Nitroreductases may be used in chromate remediation. GST-EcNfsA, GST-EcNfsB, and GST-VhNfsA have a molecular mass of 50 kDa and exist as a monomer in solution. Thin-layer chromatography showed that GST-EcNfsA, GST-EcNfsB, and GST-VhNfsA contain FMN as a cofactor. GST-VhNfsA reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Cr(III) was much less toxic to E. coli than Cr(VI).Environmental pollution by chromium may be severe. Chromium contamination is known to be prevalent at U.S. Department of Energy sites (29). The electroplating and leather-tanning industries also contribute to environmental contamination with Cr(VI) (23). Chromate compounds containing Cr(VI) are used widely in the cooling towers of heavy industry and atomic power plants, since Cr(VI) prevents corrosion and the growth of organisms (2). Cr(VI) is soluble, toxic, and carcinogenic, whereas Cr(III) is less soluble and less toxic (12). Thus, it is desirable to change Cr(VI) into Cr(III). This approach is taken in the bioremediation of Cr(VI) pollution. It shows promise for solving pollution problems and has advantages over various other physical and chemical methods.Chromate-reducing activities can be found in the cell extracts of many bacteria (4,5,8,10,13,18,25,30,(33)(34)(35). Chromate reductase can reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) by reducing it to Cr(III) and lowering its solubility (5, 9). The chromate reductase from Pseudomonas ambigua has been purified and characterized (33). Chromate-reducing activities have been associated with DT-diaphorase (7) and aldehyde oxidase (1) in the cell cytoplasm. Cytochrome P450 located in the cell membrane is also known to have chromate-reducing activity (21). It seems that various reductases in the cell can function in chromate reduction. P. ambigua chromate reductase (33) has high homology with Escherichia coli NfsA (59%) ...

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“…[22], Desulfovibrio vulgaris [23], Pseudomonas sp. [24], Serratia marcescens [25], and Ochrobactrum sp. [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Subspecies of Staphylococcus aureus from Sediments of Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River Aerobically Reduces Hexavalent Chromium

Zhang¹,

Krumholz²,

Yu³

et al. 2013

J Bioremed Biodeg

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Background: Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River is contaminated by heavy metals including chromium perennially. The microbial community within the sediment is very active. Yet the study on the bacteria in this distinctive microbial community is still scarce.Results: LZ-01, a Gram-positive hexavalent chromium-reducing bacterium was isolated from the soil sample collected at a petrochemical corporation wastewater discharge site of Lanzhou reach. It was able to aerobically reduce 94.5% of 0.4 mM Cr (VI) to Cr(III) in 120 hours. Cd (II) and NaN 3 treatment both repressed Cr(VI) reduction in LZ-01 and Cr(III) precipitates were detected both on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging. LZ-01 also demonstrated resistance to 4 mM As (V) and 9 mM U (VI). LZ-01 was closely related to Staphylococcus aureus revealed by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Comparison of cellular fatty acid components and Vitek phenotype identification provided further evidences that LZ-01 is a novel subspecies of S. aureus. Conclusions:A chromate-reducing bacterium LZ-01 identified as a novel subspecies of S. aureus was isolated from Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River. Cd (II) and NaN 3 treatment and TEM images suggested that Cr(VI) was reduced not only intracellularly but also on the cell membrane. All the results indicate that the isolate has a great potential for bioremediation of Cr (VI)-contaminated environment. Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative Gram-positive coccus-shaped bacterium [27] that is best known for its ability to cause a range of illnesses [27,28]. Several recent studies report that S. aureus is involved in environmental metal remediation [4,29] and S. epidermidis which is closely related to S. aureus is able to anaerobically reduce Cr(VI) to Cr (III) [11]. However, there is no direct evidence that S. aureus can reduce Cr(VI). In this study, we screened the Lanzhou reach river bank soil for Cr(VI) reducers and isolated a novel subspecies of S. aureus strain LZ-01, which reduces Cr(VI) to Cr(III) aerobically. 16S rRNA sequencing and fatty lipids profiling showed that strain LZ-01 is closely related to S. aureus. Comparison of Vitek phenotype identification showed that there were 7 different reactions out of 64 between LZ-01 and type strains of Staphylococcus aureus. LZ-01 reduces Cr(VI) in a highly efficient manner suggesting that it may be useful for Cr(VI) reduction studies in Lanzhou reach. Journal of Bior emediation & Biodegradation Materials and Methods Soil sample collectionThe sampling site was 60 kilometers west of central Lanzhou city and adjacent to the upper reach of the Yellow River. The actual location was close to a petrochemical corporation waste water discharge site. The latitude and longitude of the sampling site is 36°06'N 103°39'E, (Figure 1). The pH of soils at the sampling site ranged from 5.0 to 6.0 with temperature around 18°C at the time of collection. The soil samples were collected from 15 cm below surface horizon and stored in sterile aluminum boxes a...

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Studies on microbial chromate reduction by Pseudomonas Sp. In aerobic continuous suspended growth cultures

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

The effect of carbon source on microbial community structure and Cr(VI) reduction rate

The effect of carbon source on microbial community structure and Cr(VI) reduction rate

Vibrio harveyi Nitroreductase Is Also a Chromate Reductase

A Novel Subspecies of Staphylococcus aureus from Sediments of Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River Aerobically Reduces Hexavalent Chromium

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