Studies on Pasteurella Pestis in Various Flea Species II. Simplified Method for the Experimental Infection of Fleas

Wheeler, C. M.; Suyemoto, W.; Cavanaugh, Dan C.; Shimada, Tomiko; Yamakawa, Yoko

doi:10.1093/infdis/98.1.107

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our preliminary studies suggest that this level of sensitivity may be sufficient for direct detection of plague-infected fleas without additional culturing. We cannot be sure that we can reliably directly detect 100% of the infected fleas with our method at this time, but a high degree of detection would not be inconsistent with the findings of other investigators, who report experimental flea infection levels of 30 to 50% (32,35,36) and that the average number of organisms in a blocked flea is between 105 and 106 (27). In these studies, the probe would not have been able to detect the smaller number of organisms in unblocked fleas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Identification of a Yersinia pestis-specific DNA probe with potential for use in plague surveillance

et al. 1988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 900-base-pair DNA fragment derived from a 9.5-kilobase plasmid in Yersinia pestis hybridized specifically with Y. pestis DNA. We demonstrated the feasibility of using this DNA fragment to detect plague bacilli directly in fleas, suggesting that this Y. pestis-specific DNA probe may be useful for plague surveillance in the field. Additional applications for this DNA probe may include plague diagnosis and pathogenesis research.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Identification of a Yersinia pestis-specific DNA probe with potential for use in plague surveillance

et al. 1988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fleas are known to be very active soon after being transferred to another container (or agitated) and their activity slowly subsides. KARTMAN (1954) and WHEELER et al (1956) also observed better feeding with females. On the other hand, TARSHIS (1956) noted " on a few occasions" that both sexes fed equally well, but he gave no actual data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…However, in the first experiments on feeding fleas through a membrane, considerable variations in the per cent feeding (ranging from 0 to over 90%) were obtained. KARTMAN (1954) and WHEELER, SUYEMOTO, CAVANAUGH, SHIMADA & YAMAKAVA (1956), feeding X. cheopis through membranes, also report large variations in the per cent feeding. If repellents are to be evaluated on fleas by this method, high and reproducible feeding results in the controls are required.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

FACTORS AFFECTING THE FEEDING OF FLEAS (XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS ROTHSCH.) THROUGH A MEMBRANE

Bar-Zeev

Sternberg

1962

Entomologia Exp Applicata

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Factors which affect the per cent feeding of starved X. cheopis through a “Silverlight” (trade name) membrane, were studied. Improved feeding was obtained under the following conditions: — 1) Pretreatment of the membrane by boiling in water for 3 hours or under 1.2 atm pressure for seven minutes. 2) Increasing the density of the fleas in the feeding apparatus (up to a certain level). 3) A blood temperature of 38°. 4) Ambient relative humidity of about 85%. 5) An undulate membrane surface. Females fed highly significantly better than males. Starved fleas, 5 or more days old, fed better than young ones. Under optimal feeding conditions, good results can be obtained with young starved fleas (2–3 days old). Various aspects of artificial feeding and the importance of the membrane texture and its permeability to vapor are discussed. Resume FACTEURS INFLUENÇANT LA NOURRITURE DE PUCES (XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS ROTHSCH) A TRAVERS UNE MEMBRANE Une étude a été faite des facteurs influençant le nombre de puces (X. cheopis) affamées se nourrissant à travers une membrane “Silverlight” (nom commercial). Un pourcentage plus élevé a été obtenu dans les conditions suivantes: 1. Pré‐traitement de la membrane dans de l'eau bouillante pendant trois heures, ou sous pression de 1.2 atm. pendant 7 minutes; 2. Augmentation de la concentration des puces dans l'appareil (jusqu'à certain niveau); 3. Température du sang de 38°; 4. Humidité relative d'environ 85%; 5. Surface ondulée de la membrane. Le nombre des femelles qui se sont nourries a été beaucoup plus élevé que celui des mâles. Des puces affamées, agées de 5 jours ou plus, se nourrissent mieux que des jeunes. Sous des conditions optimales de bons résultats peuvent être obtenus avec des jeunes puces (2 à 3 jours). Divers aspects de l'alimentation artificielle, de l'importance de la texture de la membrane et de sa permeabilité à la vapeur sont discutés.

show abstract

“…The proventriculus, which separates the stomach and esophagus, is a sphincter-like organ with needle-like teeth directed back toward the stomach; it aids in the rupture of blood cells and normally prevents regurgitation of a blood meal (5,6,50). Between days 3 and 9 after the infected blood meal, the bacterial masses may completely block the proventriculus, extend into the esophagus, and prevent ingested blood from reaching the stomach (4,5,6,25,50,289). As the hungry flea repeatedly attempts to feed, the blood sucked from the mammalian host distends the esophagus, mixes with bacilli, and is regurgitated into the mammalian host when the feeding attempt is terminated (5,50).…”

Section: Epidemiology Plague Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague.

Perry

Fetherston

1997

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

178

321

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on Pasteurella Pestis in Various Flea Species II. Simplified Method for the Experimental Infection of Fleas

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Identification of a Yersinia pestis-specific DNA probe with potential for use in plague surveillance

Identification of a Yersinia pestis-specific DNA probe with potential for use in plague surveillance

FACTORS AFFECTING THE FEEDING OF FLEAS (XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS ROTHSCH.) THROUGH A MEMBRANE

Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About