Studies on Patterns of Fluid Intake, Water Balance and Fluoride Retention

Crosby, Neil D.; Shepherd, P. A.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1957.tb57976.x

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The lower 24 h urinary volume recorded in summer (Table 5) is in good agreement with previous reports on a lower volume of 24 h urine with higher environmental temperatures. Crosby & Shepherd (1957) reported 24 h urine outputs of 537 and 485 ml in winter and summer respectively, for Australian children aged 3-5 years, which are slightly higher than the corresponding values for Iranian children (490 ml in winter and 443 ml in summer). Mean 24 h urine volumes of 504 and 449 ml for children aged 4 years living in Sri Lanka and England respectively, were reported by Rugg-Gunn et al (1993), and for Jamaican children aged 2-6 years old, 302 and 461 ml in two areas (Warpeha & Marthaler, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Urinary analysis has long been recognized as the major variable for assessing ingestion of fluoride by assuming that about 50 % of ingested fluoride would have been excreted in urine in adults and about 30 % in children (World Health Organization, 1986). There are several studies on the concentration of fluoride in spot samples of urine from children while only in a few studies have the total volume and weight of fluoride excreted in 24 h urine samples been measured (Crosby & Shepherd, 1957;Rugg-Gunn et al 1993;Warpeha & Marthaler, 1995), partly due to the difficulties of obtaining 24 h urine collections, especially in young children.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Total fluoride intake and urinary excretion in 4–year–old Iranian children residing in low-fluoride areas

Zohouri

Rugg-Gunn

2000

Br J Nutr

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Knowledge of levels of fluoride ingestion and excretion is important in planning optimum fluoride therapy for young children. In previous literature, it has been assumed that only about one-third of ingested fluoride is excreted in young children. The aims of the present study were (a) to measure total fluoride intake, urinary fluoride excretion and fluoride balance, and (b) to investigate the effect of air temperature on fluoride intake and urinary fluoride excretion, in young children. Children (4 years old) living in a city, a small town and rural areas of Fars province, Iran, where drinking water contained 0·30–0·39 mg F/l, were invited to participate. Selection of subjects was by random sampling of kindergartens or health centres. The children were surveyed twice, once in summer and once in winter. Diet was obtained by 3 d diaries with interview. Samples of most foods and drinks were analysed for fluoride content. Ingestion of fluoride from toothpaste was estimated for each child. Each child's urine was collected over 24 h and analysed for fluoride content. Seventy-eight of the 116 volunteers completed all aspects of the study, which was conducted in 1995–6. For all children, the mean fluoride ingestion from diet was 0·390 (sd 0·122) mg/d or 0·028 (sd 0·008) mg/kg body weight per d. Fluoride ingestion from diet was higher in summer and higher in rural areas. The mean ingestion of fluoride from all sources was 0·426 (sd 0·126) mg/d and the mean fluoride urinary excretion was 0·339 (sd 0·100) mg/d. The difference between ingestion and urinary excretion was +0·087 (sd 0·143) mg, equivalent to 80 % excretion. Faecal excretion was not estimated. The results indicate fluoride retention at 4 years to be much lower than previously assumed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Total fluoride intake and urinary excretion in 4–year–old Iranian children residing in low-fluoride areas

Zohouri

Rugg-Gunn

2000

Br J Nutr

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“…Clovis and Hargreaves [6] also found no significant difference in fluid consumption between winter and summer. Crosby and Shepherd [8], however, noted an increase in fluid intake when temperature exceeded 21 °C. The mean daily temperature during the survey was 28·6 °C [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Great Britain, Hopkin and Ellis [7] reported that the total liquid intake among 12–17‐year‐olds was 1401 mL for boys and 1178 mL for girls. From Perth, Australia, Crosby and Shepherd [8] reported a mean daily intake of 1195 mL over both summer and winter among 12–15‐year‐olds. In a comprehensive study of total water intake in Northumbrian adolescents aged 12–14 years in UK, Rugg‐Gunn et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of fluid consumption in a sample of Saudi Arabian adolescents aged 12–13 years

Bello¹,

Al-Hammad²

2006

Int J Paed Dentistry

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“…25,21,33,35 In two reports 29, 32 caries reduction reported was not supported by the data presented. Findings from four studies of one to four years' duration indicate no significant reduction in dental caries through single daily dose fluoride consumption.…”

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confidence: 83%

Fluoride Administration in Single Daily Dose

O'Meara

1968

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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Address: 10 N. Main St., West Hartford, Connecticut 06107. 1p dental caries prevention by ingestion of naturally occurring or artificially added fluorides in communal water sources has been well documented. '-,5 For areas without community water fluoridation, alternative methods of fluoride supplementation have been The purpose of this report is to evaluate selected studies on (a) metabolism of fluoride consumed in single daily doses and (b) the effect of these supplements on dental caries experience. Fluoride Absorption and DistributionThe rate of absorption of fluoride given in single daily dose depends on the fluoride salt ingested, the form of administration and quantity of fluoride consumed. Plasma fluoride concentrations and urinary excretion rates reflect these variations in rate of absorption to a considerable degree. Plasma Fluoride Concentrations Single Dose Administration. Assembled in Table 1 are findings from four investigations 12-15 on plasma fluoride concentrations following single dose fluoride administration. The following conclusions may be drawn from these data: . 1. In ratS,12 dogs and human subjects,&dquo; concentrations of fluoride in plasma tend to reach maximum values within one hour after administration Suoride is ingested as sodium fluoride. 2. The rate of fluoride absorption depends to a large extent on the fluoride salt ingested. Sodium fluoride is more rapidly absorbed than stannous fluoride.1+ 3. The form of fluoride administration influences the rate and level of fluoride absorption : absorption rates for fluoride administered in milk or water solution are similar but peak plasma fluoride concentrations tend to be somewhat lower when a milk vehicle is used. 12 Fluoride in aqueous solution tends to be more rapidly absorbed than fluoride in either tablet or sustained-release capsule form.&dquo; 4. Variation in fluoride absorption rate is noted with size of dose.15 For example, 0.5 mg. and 1.0 mg. fluoride doses given as aqueous sodium fluoride to albino rats are absorbed rapidly compared to the same doses given as delayed-release capsules; at the 2.0 mg. fluoride level, however the absorption rates are nearly identical whether the dose consumed is an aqueous fluoride solution our a susta,ined-rele~-,se Suoride capsule. Comparison between Single Dose Administration and Ad Libitum Ingestion from Drinking Water. Despite large variations in fluoride concentration of water source, plasma fluoride levels remain remarkably constant in rats 16,17 and in humans.18. 19 and Armstrong 19 reported plasma fluoride concentrations of at NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV LIB on June 24, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from 178 TABLE 1. Investigations on Plasma Fluoride Concentrations After Single Dose Fluoride Ingestion 0.14 to 0.19 ppm. for individuals consuming water with fluoride content between 0.15 and 2.5 ppm. The plasma fluoride levels (0.13 and 0.17 ppm.) reported for humans ingesting a single fluoride dose are similar.13 Rates of Urinary ExcretionMaximum urinary fluoride excretion rates by adults con...

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Studies on Patterns of Fluid Intake, Water Balance and Fluoride Retention

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Total fluoride intake and urinary excretion in 4–year–old Iranian children residing in low-fluoride areas

Total fluoride intake and urinary excretion in 4–year–old Iranian children residing in low-fluoride areas

Pattern of fluid consumption in a sample of Saudi Arabian adolescents aged 12–13 years

Fluoride Administration in Single Daily Dose

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