Studies on peripheral glucose metabolism using the experimental human forearm preparation

Zampa, G. A.; Altilia, F; Bracchetti, D; Geminiani, G. D.; Borgatti, E; Odifreddi, M. T.

doi:10.1007/bf01269909

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Considering the slight extent of the changes in glucose level, it is not surprising that they have not been disclosed by many previous workers (4, 6, 17, 20). Our results are in keeping with those of others found in human subjects (11,25,34) and dogs (26). The somewhat greater variations in glucose concentration found by Bondy (3) are possibly due to the more complicated experimental technique (catheterization of the hepatic vein), and the extreme variations found by Anderson et al (2) may reasonably be ascribed to an inaccuracy of the glucose determination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Variations in Plasma Glucose in Normal Subjects and Diabetics in the Fasting State

Deckert

Ege

1970

Journal of Internal Medicine

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Abstract. In 23 normal subjects and seven juvenile diabetics the plasma level of glucose has been determined at 30‐sec intervals under basal conditions. In seven of the normal persons venous blood was studied, in the remaining subjects arterial blood. Only arterial blood was studied in the diabetic group. In some, but not all, of the subjects the variations in the glucose level significantly exceeded the error of the measurement. There were short‐lasting, irregular undulations in the gluose concentration of an amplitude of 2–8 mg/100 ml during periods of 2–6 min. There was no significant difference in glucose variations between normals and diabetics. This may be interpreted as evidence that an intact beta‐cell function is not necessary for maintaining a normal glucose homeostasis. The authors advance the hypothesis that the glucose concentration in the fasting state is regulated primarily by a feedback mechanism between glucose and the activities of the enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism of the liver. This mechanism does not require normally functioning endocrine glands, only the presence of certain minimum concentrations of the glucostatic hormones, in particular insulin and possibly glucagon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Variations in Plasma Glucose in Normal Subjects and Diabetics in the Fasting State

Deckert

Ege

1970

Journal of Internal Medicine

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“…Several authors have previously examined the interrelationships of glucose and insulin in the perfused forearm, particularly with regard to the role of glucose concentration and of insulin concentration as determinants of glucose utilization [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]15]. Though based on the Fick principle for calculation of glucose uptake, a number of the earlier studies [2,6,14] did not meet the criteria for a steady state, which is essential for valid application of the Fick principle. In addition insulin was sometimes given as a single pulse or as an infusion in an amount sufficient to raise the plasma concentration to unphysiologically high levels [1,2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies of the perfused forearm have demonstrated an insulin-stimulated increase in glucose uptake by muscle in normal subjects [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelationships of glucose and insulin uptake by muscle of normal and diabetic man

et al. 1979

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A forearm perfusion technique was used to study glucose and insulin uptake by muscle. In normal subjects at glycaemic levels above 130 mg/100 ml, glucose uptake was independent of glucose concentration;it was directly related in insulin concentration but not to insulin uptake. In non-obese maturity-onset diabetic subjects, glucose uptake was dependent on glucose concentration and insulin uptake, but not on insulin concentration. In both groups there was a strong correlation between insulin concentration and insulin uptake; diabetics had a normal insulin uptake in relation to concentration. For a given change in insulin concentration the increase in glucose uptake was as great in diabetics as in controls, but the effect of insulin was mediated through a mechanism involving its uptake. Thus in the non-obese maturity-onset diabetic, forearm muscle is not insulin resistant. The apparent uptake of insulin measured by a radioimmunoassay in relation to its arterial concentration was lower and more variable for heterologous than for endogenous insulin. With a receptor assay the venous insulin concentrations were lower than with the immunoassay and differences in uptake between endogenous and exogenous insulin disappeared. It is concluded that in muscle exogenous insulin was less severely degraded than endogenous insulin.

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“…Thus following the rapid intravenous injection of glucose in normal dogs, there is a small rise, if any, in leg lymph insulin [17]. Moreover in the human forearm preparation [2, 21,22] or in the perfused rat adipose tissue [18], a transient and physiological rise in arterial serum insulin does not increase the cell glucose uptake. In some of these experiments, the arterial and venous concentrations of serum insulin were measured, and insulin was cleared by the perfused tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The displacement of insulin from blood capillaries

Rasio¹

1969

Diabetologia

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Summary. Normal anaesthetized bull-dogs were perfused with constant amounts of 125I bovine insulin. During the control period, steady state arterio-venous gradients and lymph levels were achieved. Positive arterio-venous differences were observed across the bind limbs and the head. Lower levels of 12aI-insulin were found in cervical and leg lymph than in corresponding venous plasma. The rapid intravascular injection of unlabelled insulin resulted in an almost immediate reversal of the arterio-venous gradients of x~sI-insulin in the head and the hind limb. The injection of small amounts of glucose into the lower abdominal aorta induced a very rapid diminution of the arterio-venous gradient across the hind quarters ; the effect was not mediated by the release of endogenous insulin. In both experiments, the lymph levels of 12sT-insulin remained relatively constant.The data indicate that the vascular pole of the capillary endothelial cells can adsorb labelled insulin and either exchange it with unlabelled insulin or release it under the direct influence of glucose.

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Studies on peripheral glucose metabolism using the experimental human forearm preparation

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Variations in Plasma Glucose in Normal Subjects and Diabetics in the Fasting State

Variations in Plasma Glucose in Normal Subjects and Diabetics in the Fasting State

Interrelationships of glucose and insulin uptake by muscle of normal and diabetic man

The displacement of insulin from blood capillaries

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