Studies on Phytoalexins VI. Pisatin: the Effect of Some Factors on its Formation in Pisum Sativum l., and the Signifioance of Pisatin in Disease Resistanoe

Cruickshank, Iam; Perrin, D. D.

doi:10.1071/bi9630111

Cited by 91 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Cobalt, nickel, and zinc were particularly effective in causing the complement of soluble phenolics in leaves to shift from polar components to predominantly apolar components. Exposure of legumes to copper and mercury has been used to elicit pisatin, phaseollin, and other phytoalexins (Cruickshank and Perrin 1963;Dewick and Martin 1976;Rathmell and Bendall 1971;Schwochau and Hadwiger 1968). These phytoalexins are pterocarpans and isoflavins (Swain 1977) which have been studied in detail in disease reactions in legumes (Albersheim and Anderson-Prouty 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early effects of phytotoxic burdens of cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in white beans

Rauser¹

1978

Can. J. Bot.

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RAUSER, W. E. 1978. Early effectsof phytotoxic burdens ofcadmium, cobalt, nickel. and zinc in white beans. Can. J. Bot. 56: 17441749. The effectiveness of excess cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in eliciting similar early responses was studied in white beans. Each metal caused the appearance of a red-brown discoloration first in the veins of unifoliate leaves and later in petioles and stems. Cadmium, nickel, and zinc did so within 1 day, cobalt within 4 days. The effectiveness of the metals in inducing visual symptoms and in decreasing dry matter production were in the order CdZ+ > > ZnZ+ > NiZ+ > CoZ+. Within I day of adding excess metal, each caused the unifoliate leaves t o orient themselves towards the vertical from the normal horizontal. Each metal caused premature leafclosure within the normal nyctinastic cycle.Excess cobalt, nickel, and zinc all caused abnormal starch accumulations in unifoliate leaves within 2-3 days. These metals also caused amaijor shift towards relatively apolar soluble phenolic components in leaves but not in roots. Cadmium, besides being most toxic, did not cause starch accumulation or a shift in the complement of soluble phenolics. RAUSER, W. E. 1978. Early effectsof phytotoxic burdens ofcadmium, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in white beans. Can. J. Bot. 56: 17441749. L'auteur a etudie les premitres reactions provoquees par des e x c t s d e cadmium, d e cobalt, d e nickel et d e zinc chez la "Feve blanche." Chaque metal provoque I'apparition d'une decoloration rouge-brune d'abord dans les nervures des feuilles unifoliolees et plus tard dans les g t i o l e s et les tiges. L e cadmium, le nickel et le zinc provoquent cette reaction e n moins d e 1 jour et le cobalt, apres 4 jours. La capacite respective des metaux d e provoquer des symptbmes visuels et d e diminuer la production d e matiere stche suit I'ordre decroissant suivant: CdZ+ > > Zn2+ > NiZ+ > CoZ+. En moins d e 1 jour aprts ['addition d'un exces d e I'un ou I'autre des metaux, les feuilles unifoliees prennent une orientation verticaleplut6t que I'orientation normale horizontale. Chaque metal provoque la fermeture prematuree d e la feuille dans le cycle nyctinastique.Des exces d e cobalt. d e nickel et de zinc provoquent tous, en 2-3 jours, une accumulation nnormale d'amidon dans les feuilles unifolikes. Ces metaux causent aussi un changement majeur vers la formation dans les feuilles (mais non dans les racines) decomposes phenoliques solubles relativement apolaires. En plus d'ctre le metal le plus toxique, le cadmium ne cause ni accumulation d'amidon, ni changement dans la somme des substances phenoliques solubles.[Traduit par le journal] Introduction Yield reduction is a commonly observed reaction of plants exposed to phytotoxic burdens of heavy metals. Such results, which are generally obtained after several weeks of growth, offer little towards our understanding of the mechanismts) of metal toxicity. Effects observed after a few hours or within a day might direct investigations towards the initial and possibly critical rea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early effects of phytotoxic burdens of cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in white beans

Rauser¹

1978

Can. J. Bot.

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“…PAL and CHS are also intermediates in the production of lignan (Seneviratne et al, 2014), lignin, flavonoids and isoflavonoids, e.g., the phytoalexin, pisatin (Cruickshank and Perrin, 1962; DiCenzo and VanEtten, 2006). …”

Section: Early Release Of Biotic Signals Following Fungal Contact Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of a nonhost disease resistance response of pea to Fusarium solani: PR gene elicitation via DNase, chitosan and chromatin alterations

Hadwiger

2015

Front. Plant Sci.

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Of the multiplicity of plant pathogens in nature, only a few are virulent on a given plant species. Conversely, plants develop a rapid “nonhost” resistance response to the majority of the pathogens. The anatomy of the nonhost resistance of pea endocarp tissue against a pathogen of bean, Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli (Fsph) and the susceptibility of pea to F. solani f sp. pisi (Fspi) has been described cytologically, biochemically and molecular-biologically. Cytological changes have been followed by electron microscope and stain differentiation under white and UV light. The induction of changes in transcription, protein synthesis, expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and increases in metabolic pathways culminating in low molecular weight, antifungal compounds are described biochemically. Molecular changes initiated by fungal signals to host organelles, primarily to chromatin within host nuclei, are identified according to source of the signal and the mechanisms utilized in activating defense genes. The functions of some PR genes are defined. A hypothesis based on this data is developed to explain both why fungal growth is suppressed in nonhost resistance and why growth can continue in a susceptible reaction.

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“…Whether , the production of a single compound can explain a host's resistance to all non pathogens and varietal susceptibility and resistance is doubtful. Pisatin, 3-hydroxy-7 -methoxy-4' ,S'-methylenedioxy chormanocoumarin, was identified as a compound produced by the exposed endocarp of detached pods of the garden pea in response to inoculation with fungi or injury, and it was assigned a role in disease resistance (82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91). Working with more than fifty species of fungi, including pathogens and non pathogens of the garden pea, Cruickshank clearly established a relationship between the ability of a fungus to induce the production of pisatin at levels inhibitory to its growth and its ability to parasitize the detached pea pod.…”

Section: Production Of Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of Plants to Infectious Agents

Kuć¹

1966

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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Studies on Phytoalexins VI. Pisatin: the Effect of Some Factors on its Formation in Pisum Sativum l., and the Signifioance of Pisatin in Disease Resistanoe

Abstract: The effect of some biological, physical, and chemical factors on the formation of pis at in was studied by the chemical analysis aftha extracellular fluids (diffusates) from the endocarp tissues of pea pods. The following points were demonstrated

Cited by 91 publications

References 6 publications

Early effects of phytotoxic burdens of cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in white beans

Early effects of phytotoxic burdens of cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and zinc in white beans

Anatomy of a nonhost disease resistance response of pea to Fusarium solani: PR gene elicitation via DNase, chitosan and chromatin alterations

Resistance of Plants to Infectious Agents

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