Studies on polycarbazole-modified electrode and its applications in the development of solid-state potassium and copper(II) ion sensors

Pandey, Prem C.; Prakash, Rajiv; Singh, G.; Tiwari, Ida; Tripathi, Vishal

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000401)75:14<1749::aid-app9>3.0.co;2-8

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…All these peaks are almost at the same position in case of all the polymers formed by different routes. Upon subsequent comparison of FT-IR spectra of all three polymers, it can be seen that peaks at about 1606 and 1491 cm À1 which correspond to, C¼C, C¼C stretching of benzenoid and quinoid ring in pure PCz [25] got shifted toward a lower wave number in case of PCz-Au nanocomposite. The above observation showed strong electronic interaction of the polymer chain with gold nanoparticles, which also affect the conjugation length of the polymer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer does not show its polaronic bands because Cl -ions present with the polymer do not follow the doping/de-doping reactions, and accordingly, a positive charge is not created in the polymer and is converted into partly doped state of polymer. [25] The absorption peak at 620 nm indicates the plasmon absorption band for the gold nanoparticles resulting from the collective oscillation of the conduction electrons in response to optical excitation seen in PCz gold nanocomposite. [22a,26] Above band was broadened in the nanocomposite synthesized using interfacial polymerization technique probably because of particles size (very small) and surrounded by the polymer tube.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Novel Synthesis of Polycarbazole–Gold Nanocomposite

Gupta

Joshi

Prakash

2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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A polycarbazole–gold nanocomposite is synthesized based on two polymerization techniques, i.e., emulsion and interfacial using aqueous gold chloride and non‐aqueous carbazole monomer solutions. Use of gold chloride as an oxidant for carbazole not only provides a new chemical synthesis for polycarbazole conducting polymer but also allows the formation of conducting nanocomposite in one simple step. Polymerization of carbazole and further growth of the polymer along with gold nanoparticles are governed by the redox reaction between carbazole and Au cations. Two different morphologies of polymers and two different sizes (with narrow size distribution) of gold nanoparticles are obtained depending on the polymerization routes. Structural and thermal properties of the nanocomposites are studied using SEM/TEM, FT‐IR, XRD, and TGA. XRD of nanocomposites depicts the amorphous nature of the polymer and the highly phase selective crystalline nature of gold. Nanocomposites with improved properties show better dispersion in common organic solvents and potential for various technological applications. magnified image

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Synthesis of Polycarbazole–Gold Nanocomposite

Gupta

Joshi

Prakash

2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Complexation of metal ions by some polymer moieties explains the affinity of these polymers to ions [7,113]. However, the examples of selective responses are not numerous, because a polymer should have a certain structure to be a strong ligand for ions.…”

Section: Affinity To Inorganic Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymers as Artificial Receptors in Chemical Sensors

Lange

Roznyatovskaya

Hao

et al. 2010

Artificial Receptors for Chemical Sensors

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Conducting polymers are commonly used materials in chemical and biological sensors. These materials possess receptor as well as transducer functions [1]. Typical examples of conducting polymers (CPs) include polythiophenes, polypyrroles, polyanilines, and polyphenylenes. Such polymers show some intrinsic receptor properties towards analytes that can react/interact with the polymer, like, for example, redox active or acidic/basic gases. Oxidation/reduction and in some cases protonation/ deprotonation introduces/removes charge carriers in the conjugated backbone, whereas conformational changes alter the planarity of the conjugated backbone, which leads to changes in the mobility of the charge carriers. Figure 12.1 demonstrates the example of PANI (polyaniline), showing the influence of redox potential and pH on the interconversion between the different forms of PANI.These changes can be detected by in situ resistance, UV-vis, IR, or fluorescence measurements. Direct interactions with the p-system often produce very large signal changes; however, they are quite non-specific. A possible way to introduce some selectivity in these polymers is to modify their conjugated backbone with receptors.Usually, receptors can be introduced into a polymer backbone either after polymerization or directly to monomer, which is polymerized or copolymerized. The synthetic availability and the ability to polymerize the monomer under certain conditions are the most common limitations in the choice of a derivative with receptor group. Some classes of these receptors are discussed in Section 12.4. Doping of CPs by counter ions bearing the required receptor [2-8], the inclusion of ionophores into the polymer matrix [9], and the chemical linkage of ligands or receptor units to the polymer backbone [10] are also applied to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of CPs. Receptors attached to the p-system via some short side chain can communicate with the p-system of the polymer by, for example, electron donating/withdrawing, electrostatic interactions or by inducing conformational changes upon analyte binding. As there is no direct interaction with the polymer backbone, the signal change may be smaller, but also much more specific. Artificial Receptors for Chemical Sensors. Edited

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“…Figure 6 shows the typical response of the new dibenzo-18-crown-6 based ion sensor on addition of increasing concentrations of K ions as KCl. The response is much better as compared to other similar ionophore based ion sensor [14,16]. The calibration curves for K , Na and NH 4 ions are shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Ion-sensing Behavior Of Tetraphenylborate Doped Polypyrrolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important sensor design based on the application of ionophore impregnated plasticized PVC matrix membrane in solid-state configuration is an attractive requirement and we have made efforts on these lines using polyindole [13 ± 15] and polycarbazole [16] synthesized in dichloromethane containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as bathing electrolyte. The electrochemistry of perchlorate ion doped polyindole/polycabazole in its application in developing solid-state ion-selective electrode based on ionophore impregnated plasticized PVC matrix membrane are described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis of Tetraphenylborate Doped Polypyrrole and Its Applications in Designing a Novel Zinc and Potassium Ion Sensor

2002

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The electrochemical synthesis of tetraphenylborate (TPB) ion doped polypyrrole is reported. The electrochemical polymerization of ion exchanger doped polypyrrole is carried out in dry acetonitrile. The polypyrrole synthesized under present conditions is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The applications of new ion exchanger doped polypyrrole in the development of solid‐state ion sensors are reported. The ion sensing properties and construction of new conducting polymer based Zn++ ion and potassium ion sensors are described. The Zn++ ion sensor is developed by TPB doped polymer modified electrode itself whereas K+ ion sensor is developed by laying down of another layer of dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 impregnated plasticized Polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix membrane. The response curve on Zn++ ion sensing with and without polymer layer is also studied and reported. An effort on selective sensing of Zn++ ion is also made and the data on Ni++, Co++, Pb++, and Mg++ ions are reported using polymer modified electrode. Similarly the effect of Na+ and NH$\rm{ {_{_{4}}^{^{+}}}}$ ions on the response of K+ ion sensing is also reported. The contribution of tetraphenylborate in designing these ions sensors are discussed.

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Studies on polycarbazole-modified electrode and its applications in the development of solid-state potassium and copper(II) ion sensors

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Novel Synthesis of Polycarbazole–Gold Nanocomposite

Novel Synthesis of Polycarbazole–Gold Nanocomposite

Conducting Polymers as Artificial Receptors in Chemical Sensors

Electrochemical Synthesis of Tetraphenylborate Doped Polypyrrole and Its Applications in Designing a Novel Zinc and Potassium Ion Sensor

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