Studies on preparation and performances of carbon aerogel electrodes for the application of supercapacitor

Li, Jun; Wang, Xianyou; Huang, Qinghua; Gamboa, S.A.; Sebastian, P.J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.09.045

Cited by 339 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Images taken at the highest magnification reveal the typical granular structure known for carbon aerogels, xerogels or cryogels based on resorcinol-formaldehyde or on other resins [1,[22][23][24][25][26]. Connected nodules are seen, whose diameter was independent of the R/W ratio, as reported previously [24,27].…”

Section: Pore Structure Of Arf Activated Carbon Cryogelssupporting

confidence: 73%

Bimodal activated carbons derived from resorcinol-formaldehyde cryogels

Szczurek

Amaral-Labat

Fierro

et al. 2011

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Resorcinol-formaldehyde cryogels prepared at different dilution ratios have been activated with phosphoric acid at 450• C and compared with their carbonaceous counterparts obtained by pyrolysis at 900• C. Whereas the latter were, as expected, highly mesoporous carbons, the former cryogels had very different pore textures. Highly diluted cryogels allowed preparation of microporous materials with high surface areas, but activation of initially dense cryogels led to almost non-porous carbons, with much lower surface areas than those obtained by pyrolysis. The optimal acid concentration for activation, corresponding to stoichiometry between molecules of acid and hydroxyl groups, was 2 M l −1 , and the acid-cryogel contact time also had an optimal value. Such optimization allowed us to achieve surface areas and micropore volumes among the highest ever obtained by activation with H 3 PO 4 , close to 2200 m 2 g −1 and 0.7 cm 3 g −1 , respectively. Activation of diluted cryogels with a lower acid concentration of 1.2 M l −1 led to authentic bimodal activated carbons, having a surface area as high as 1780 m 2 g −1 and 0.6 cm 3 g −1 of microporous volume easily accessible through a widely developed macroporosity.

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Section: Pore Structure Of Arf Activated Carbon Cryogelssupporting

confidence: 73%

Bimodal activated carbons derived from resorcinol-formaldehyde cryogels

Szczurek

Amaral-Labat

Fierro

et al. 2011

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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“…For this reason, carbon has become the material of choice for many commercial supercapacitors. Among the types of carbon that have been studied in detail are activated carbon (the industry standard) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], various templated carbons [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], carbon black [24][25][26][27], carbon aerogel [28][29][30][31][32], carbon nanotubes [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], and graphene [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A universal equivalent circuit for carbon-based supercapacitors

Fletcher

Black

Kirkpatrick

2013

J Solid State Electrochem

136

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A universal equivalent circuit is proposed for carbon-based supercapacitors. The circuit, which actually applies to all porous electrodes having non-branching pores, consists of a single vertical ladder network in series with an RC parallel network. This elegant arrangement explains the three most important shortcomings of present-day supercapacitors, namely open circuit voltage decay, capacitance loss at high frequency, and voltammetric distortion at high scan rate. It also explains the shape of the complex plane impedance plots of commercial devices and reveals why the equivalent series capacitance increases with temperature. Finally, the construction of a solid-state supercapacitor simulator is described. This device is based on a truncated version of the universal equivalent circuit, and it allows experimenters to explore the responses of different supercapacitor designs without having to modify real supercapacitors.

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“…An EDLC stores the energy by accumulating the opposite charges on the thin double layer (5~10Å) [2] at the interface between the porous electrode and the electrolyte through electrostatic force. Carbonaceous materials such as aerogel [3][4] and powder [5] [6] are the most commonly used electrode materials in EDLC devices due to carbon's high surface area, chemical and thermal stability, relatively low cost and low environmental impact. Carbonaceous materials are usually activated [4] [7] to produce a large porous surface area before being used for EDLC electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%