Studies on Propagation of New Almond × Peach Hybrids by Hard Wood Cuttings

Abstract

T HIS experiment was conducted on 2019 & 2020 to study the effect of root hormones within two different water irrigation pH. on five new almond ×peach hybrids that are nematode resistance and salt tolerance. Rootstock trees are nine years old grown in Horticulture Research Institute, A.R.C. and received the same recommended horticultural practices. This experiment consisted of eight treatments using Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at concentrations of 1000&2000ppm with or without 500ppm Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) under pH5&7 of water irrigation. Results cleared that hybrid genotype No.5 recorded the highest significant values in growth and chemical measurements followed by hybrid genotype No.4 while Hybrid genotype No.3 recorded the lowest significant values. The greatest rooting percentage (56.28&59.76) and root length (4.01&4.23 cm.) recorded with 1000ppmIBA+ 500ppmNAA, as auxins enhanced the formation of callus, promotes root primordia. IBA delays the leaf abscission that increase the partitioning of photo-assimilates towards the leaves to reach great leaf area (32.98&34.34), fresh (2.11& 2.53) and dry (0.89&0.97) weight. Great leaf area and introduce more C/N ratio. Irrigation by pH5 improves nutrient availability and solubility of soil anions than pH7 of irrigation water. The interaction between hybrid No.5 under 1000ppmIBA+500ppmNAA within pH5 of water irrigation recorded the highest significant values of all growth measurements (rooting % 67.2&58.8, root number 5.95&6.03, shoot length 7.30&7.51cm. and leaf area 8.3&38.9 cm 2 .) and chemical measurements fresh (2.59&2.71), dry (1.12&1.28) weight and total indoles (0.471&0.483). Moreover normal water pH reached the good rooting measurements with the high concentration of IBA (2000 ppm).

Evaluation of Fig Cutting Rooting to Various Media and Iba Levels

“…The promotive effect of auxins in this regard may result from the enhancement of hydrolysis activity associated with increases in the formation of highly soluble carbohydrates and leads to the increment in root formation and better rooting, which leads to good shoot growth and good internal elements. This is due to an increase in hormones and carbohydrates in root cells, increased nutrient uptake, increased translocation of metabolites to the growing apices, enhanced callus formation, and differentiation of vascular tissues, it also promotes the differentiation of cambial initials into root primordia, and increases the mobilization of reserve food material to sites of root initiation (Soliman 2024). The same results were recorded by Abuazizah et al, (2023) and Brighenti et al, (2023) on grapes rooting woody cuttings.…”

“…In terms of the fresh and dry weight of the leaves (g/cutting), the cuttings were grown in peatmoss and pre-planting dipped in 2000 mg/l IBA was excelled compared to the other treatments, as the maximum average of fresh and dry weight of leaves 22.23 g/cutting, and 4.79 g/cutting, respectively. Soliman (2024) reported that IBA usage enhanced the formation of roots and increased rooting percentage in Almond, and Peach wood cuttings. Also, Kaviani et al, (2023) confirmed that plant hormones such as IBA and NAA) had the greatest effect on most of the pear cuttings' growth measurements (rooting percentage, root number, root length, leaf number, as well as fresh and dry weights.…”