Studies on Properties of Egg Shell and Fish Bone Powder Filled Polypropylene

Abstract

The mechanical and end-use properties of egg shell and fish bone powder filled polypropylene have been determined at filler contents, 0 to 40 wt. %, and particle sizes, 0.150, 0.30, and 0.420 µm. Talc, of particle size, 0.150 µm was used as the reference filler. The incorporation of egg shell and fish bone powder into polypropylene resulted in improvement in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural, and impact strength of the composites, and these properties increased with increase in filler contents, and decrease in filler particle sizes. The elongation at break of the composites was observed to decrease with increase in filler contents, and particle sizes. The hardness, specific gravity, and water absorption (24 h) of the prepared composites were found to increase with increase in filler contents, and decease in filler particle size. Talc filled polypropylene was observed to absorb less water than fish bone or egg shell powder filled polypropylene. The amount of water absorbed by these composites was observed to be independent of filler content or particle size but on the nature of the filler used. The fillers under investigation efficiently reduced the rate of burning of polypropylene at high filler contents, and particle sizes. Generally, egg shell, and fish bone powder fillers have shown greater property improvement over talc in the prepared composites. Egg shell, and fish bone powder fillers could be viable alternatives to the conventional mineral fillers for the plastic industry, and for applications where the high water absorption of the fillers is not a critical factor of interest.

Optimisation Studies on the Mechanical Properties of Neem Bark Flour-Filled High Density Polyethylene Composites Using Central Composite Design.

“…The impact strength of the composite increased with the increase in filler content as shown in Fig 15, while lower particle size favours impact strength. Such an increase in impact strength of a thermoplastic composite with an increase in filler content has been reported by Ahmed [10]; Bigg [12] in his study on "Mechanical Properties of Particulate filled Polymers and Igwe [13]. As the concentration of the filler content increased, Izod notched impact energy increased due to the more energy required for crack propagate [11].…”

Development of HDPE‐modified eggshell composite

“…At 30 and 40 phr loading, ESP and ESP M fillers tends to form agglomerates which act as stress concentration point in the composites. Stress transfer between the matrix and filler will become less efficient and this reduces the strength . Agglomeration of ESP at higher bonding is shown in Fig.…”

“…As reported earlier, the tensile modulus of HDPE/ESP M composites is higher compared to pure HDPE and also HDPE/ESP composites. Igwe and Onuegbu , Nwanonenyi and Chike‐Onyegbula , and Nwanonenyi et al reported that with addition of coupling agent, matrix and ESP adhere more and more stress is required for small deformation, hence high tensile modulus resulting in low elongation of break at high tensile strength.…”

Impact of Weathering on the Mechanical and Weight Reduction Properties of High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites Filled with Treated and Untreated Eggshell Powder (ESP) Fillers

“…Increment of tensile modulus due to demobilisation of polymeric chain on filler surface will cause decrement in ductility and elongation at break. Such a reduction in elongation at break of a polymer composite with increment of tensile modulus has been reported by Igwe and Onuegbu, Nwanonenyi and Chike-Onyegbula, and Nwanonenyi et al [19][20][21]…”