Studies on the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites and Evaluation of Biological Activity of In Vitro Cultures of Ruta montana L. in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors

Abstract

The present work focuses on in vitro cultures of Ruta montana L. in temporary immersion PlantformTM bioreactors. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of cultivation time (5 and 6 weeks) and different concentrations (0.1–1.0 mg/L) of plant growth and development regulators (NAA and BAP) on the increase in biomass and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Consequently, the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potentials of methanol extracts obtained from the in vitro-cultured biomass of R. montana were evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to characterize furanocoumarins, furoquinoline alkaloids, phenolic acids, and catechins. The major secondary metabolites in R. montana cultures were coumarins (maximum total content of 1824.3 mg/100 g DM), and the dominant compounds among them were xanthotoxin and bergapten. The maximum content of alkaloids was 561.7 mg/100 g DM. Concerning the antioxidant activity, the extract obtained from the biomass grown on the 0.1/0.1 LS medium variant, with an IC50 0.90 ± 0.03 mg/mL, showed the best chelating ability among the extracts, while the 0.1/0.1 and 0.5/1.0 LS media variants showed the best antibacterial (MIC range 125–500 µg/mL) and antibiofilm activity against resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Extraction, Quantification and Anti-Cancer Activity of Important Secondary Metabolite “Shatavarin-IV” from in vitro Callus Culture of Asparagus racemosus Willd.

“…[61,62] Secondary metabolites can be harvested by the in vitro-grown culture through organogenesis, cell culture or callus culture. [63][64][65][66][67] These studies help to develop efficient protocols for the mass production of the phytochemical constituents through the cell culture in the Bioreactor and hairy root production.…”

Furoquinoline Alkaloids: Insights into Chemistry, Occurrence, and Biological Properties

“…The use of innovative biotechnological technologies enables the increased production of secondary metabolites and biomass through the utilization of temporary immersion bioreactors. In in vitro cultures of Ruta montana carried out in Plantform TM bioreactors, the highest content of γ-fagarine and skimmianine was 305.4 mg/100 g DM and 233.7 mg/100 g DM, respectively [ 65 ]. In turn, in in vitro cultures of Ruta chalepensis carried out in RITA ® bioreactors, the highest content of γ-fagarine and skimmianine was 186.8 mg/100 g DM and 291.6 mg/100 g DM, respectively [ 66 ].…”

Protective Effect of Probiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells

“…To assess the cell viability of the samples, microplate wells with adherent biofilm were scarified in PBS, serially diluted, and seeded on MRSA (Oxoid) plates. After an incubation period of 24 h and 48 h at 37 • C, CFU/mL were counted [63,64].…”