Studies on the Antigenic Structure of Mycobacteria

Jensen, K. A.; Kiær, I.; Lundberg, L.

doi:10.1111/apm.1964.61.4.619

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica

1964

DOI: 10.1111/apm.1964.61.4.619

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Studies on the Antigenic Structure of Mycobacteria

K. A. Jensen¹,

I. Kiær²,

L. Lundberg³

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1965

1985

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Cited by 12 publications

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“…bovis BCG, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycohacteriirm africanum are grouped as the M. tirherculosis complex based upon their phenetic similarities (25, 26). Distinctions among these species are defined on the basis of biochemical (9, 21, 25, 26), bacteriological (7, 13,21,26), serological (8, 15,19,22) and chemical (23, 27) properties, their levels of pathogenicity for experimental animals (10, 13, 20, 21), and their levels of susceptibility to some mycobacteriophages (6, 28). A thorough review of these taxonomic findings has been published by Wayne (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness Among Selected Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium africanum

Imaeda

1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

108

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Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) of selected strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including strains of M . tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, M. bovis BCG, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium africanum, were isolated and analyzed spectrophotometrically. The genome molecular weight and the guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA samples were approximately 1.9 X lo9 and 62.9 mol% , respectively. DNA relatedness among the strains was studied by both spectrophometric DNA hybridization and restriction endonuclease cleavage methods. All strains of the four species showed more than 90% DNA relatedness, except for slightly lower levels (85 to 89%) of relatedness between M . microti and some strains of M. bovis, M . bovts BCG, or M . africanum. The distribution patterns of the DNA fragments produced with restriction enzymes, such as EcoRI, EcoRV, BglII, BcZI, and KpnI, were indistinguishable upon agarose gel electrophoresis. In contrast, the levels of DNA relatedness between M . tuberculosis and other slowly growing mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium haemophilum, Mycobacterium marinum, and Mycobacterium ashticum, were significantly heterogeneous, ranging from 9 to 53%. My data indicate the extremely close evolutionary relationship among four species of the M. tuberculosis complex.Mycohacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, M . bovis BCG, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycohacteriirm africanum are grouped as the M. tirherculosis complex based upon their phenetic similarities (25, 26). Distinctions among these species are defined on the basis of biochemical (9, 21, 25, 26), bacteriological (7,13,21,26), serological (8, 15, 19, 22) and chemical (23, 27) properties, their levels of pathogenicity for experimental animals (10, 13, 20, 21), and their levels of susceptibility to some mycobacteriophages (6, 28). A thorough review of these taxonomic findings has been published by Wayne (26).However, any of the extensive phenotypic analyses available measure less than 20% of the total genomic capability of bacteria (4). Consequently, phenotypic differences should not be emphasized as absolute criteria for definition of species. On the other hand, examination of essential properties of chromosomes, such as genome molecular weight, guanine-plus-cytosine content, and deox yri bonucleic acid (DNA) relatedness, provides a more practical and reliable method to determine the genetic relationships among phenetically similar species. In fact, Bradley (3) and Baess (2) reported 100% DNA homology between M . tirbercirlosis and M . bovis, including M . bovis BCG strains, showing that these organisms belong to the same species.In this report I provide additional information concerning the genome molecular weights, base ratios, and extents of DNA relatedness among selected strains of the species of the M . tubercrrlosis complex. A total of 13 M . hovis BCG strains commonly used for vaccinatio...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness Among Selected Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium africanum

Imaeda

1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

108

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An antigenic analysis of the mycobacteria, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Myco. kansasii, Myco. phlei, Myco. smegmatis and Myco. tuberculosis

Stanford

Beck

1968

J. Pathol.

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THE genus Mycobacterium contains a number of fairly clearly defined species, which may be obligatory pathogens, opportunistic pathogens or saprophytes, together with an ill-defined group of anonymous strains. So far, the definition of species has relied largely on morphology, cultural appearances, biochemical activity and temperature requirements. The grouping of strains by Runyon (1959) and Marks and Richards (1962) relies on these and related criteria. Information about the antigenic components of a number of species and unclassified strains has been accumulating over the past few years (Parlett and Youmans, 1958; Castelnuovo et al., 1960; Lind, 1961 ; Sushida and Hirano, 1963; Schaefer, 1965; Jensen, Klaer and Lundberg, 1964, 1966a, b andc). This paper records an antigenic analysis of Mycobacterium fortuitum, Myco. kansasii, Myco. phlei, Myco. smegmatis and Myco. tuberculosis made by Ouchterlony's double diffusion-in-agar precipitation technique. MATERIALS AND METRODS OrganismsAntigen extracts were prepared from 25 strains of mycobacteria that included some obtained from the National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) and some isolated by us from patients and soil (PGH). They were: Mycobacterium fortuitum strains NCTC 8573t, 946, 1542,2006,2291,2891,3631 and 8697, and PGH strains " Hoey "t, '' Ugoji " and " Soil "t; Myco. kanrarii strains PGH " Brown "t, " Walker ", " Birk " and " Sheppard "; Myco. phlei strains NCTC 8156t, 525, 8151, 8157, 10008 and 10266; Myco. smegmatis strains NCTC 3337, 8159 and 10265; and Myco. tuberculosis strain H37 Rat. Strains marked with an obelus were also used for preparation of antisera. Owing to the risk involved in the work with living bacteria only one representative of Myco. tuberculosis was used.All the strains of Myco. kansasii and the Hoey strain of Myco. fortuitum were isolated from the sputum of patients. Myco. fortuitum strain Ugoji was recovered from a patient's abscess and Myco. fortuitum strain Soil from a sample of garden soil. All strains of Myco. kansasiiexcept strain Walker, which was a single isolation, were clinically signiscant in that they had repeatedly been found in the patient's sputum. Their identification, and that of the Myco. fortuitum cultures isolated by Present address: (1959, 1965). Preparation of antigensCultures were grown at 37°C in I-litre volumes of modified Sauton's medium (Boyden and Sorkin, 1955) in large Carrel or Thompson flasks, and their pellicles were harvested when no further growth appeared to be taking place. The age of the cultures depended on the species used and varied from 1 to 8 wk. Parts of the harvested pellicles were extracted at -20°C in an " X " press (Edebo, 1961).Microscopical examination of the product obtained after three pressings revealed that the cell walls were almost totally broken up. The crushed material was allowed to stand at 4°C and the cleared fluid layer between the surface flocculate and the sediment was then pipetted off. This extract served as antigen and was stored in small volumes at -20°C.

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Demonstration of species-specific fractions in mycobacterial purified protein derivative (PPD) sensitins

Worthington

Kleeberg

1967

Tubercle

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Studies on the Antigenic Structure of Mycobacteria

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness Among Selected Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium africanum

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness Among Selected Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium africanum

An antigenic analysis of the mycobacteria, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Myco. kansasii, Myco. phlei, Myco. smegmatis and Myco. tuberculosis

Demonstration of species-specific fractions in mycobacterial purified protein derivative (PPD) sensitins

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