Studies on the antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid

Miller, John B.; Michel, J.; Bercovici, B; Argaman, M.; Sacks, T.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(76)90595-0

Cited by 36 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In our study, microorganisms grew in 86.7% of fluid specimens. This frequency is high and may be explained by inopportune vaginal bacteria collected during catheterism, a de crease in activity of the amniotic fluid when the inoculum size was increased [1,11], or by the absence of the bactericidal polypeptide linked to zinc [16]. No anaerobic bacteria were isolated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantitative Bacteriological Analysis of Amniotic Fluid

et al. 1982

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Quantitative bacteriological analysis of amniotic fluid (AF) was performed on 60 fluid samples collected by catheter from 50 selected labor patients regarded as liable to infection. AF cultures were positive in 52 cases. The bacterial colony counts ranged from less than 102 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter to 10⁹ CFU/ml. Pathogenic bacteria in neonates such as group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes were encountered with numerations equal to or greater than 10⁷ CFU/ml in groups with clinical findings. An excellent correlation was noted between bacterial counts in AF and clinical data (p < 0.00006). The results confirm that the quantitative bacteria analysis of the AF is a useful tool for evaluation of an infection risk for neonates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantitative Bacteriological Analysis of Amniotic Fluid

et al. 1982

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“…Amniotic fluid was recently reported to have antimicrobial properties [3], [4], and several antimicrobial peptides and proteins, including human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3 [5], lysozyme [6], bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) [7], LL-37 [6], calprotectin (MRP8/14) [8] and ubiquitin [9], have since been found in amniotic components. β 2 -microglobulin, which was isolated from human amniotic fluid (HAF) in the present study, is the noncovalently bound light chain of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I, an 11.6 kDa nonglycosylated protein found on the surface of all nucleated cells [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Antibacterial Activity of β2-Microglobulin in Human Amniotic Fluid

et al. 2012

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An antibacterial protein (about 12 kDa) was isolated from human amniotic fluid through dialysis, ultrafiltration and C18 reversed-phase HPLC steps. Automated Edman degradation showed that the N-terminal sequence of the antibacterial protein was NH2-Ile-Gln-Arg-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ile-Gln-Val-Tyr-Ser-Arg-His-Pro-Ala-Glu-Asn-Gly-. The N-terminal sequence of the antibacterial protein was found to be identical to that of β2-microglobulin, a component of MHC class I molecules, which are present on all nucleated cells. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) revealed that the molecular mass of the antibacterial protein was 11,631 Da. This antibacterial protein, β2M, possessed potent antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Specially, antibacterial activity was observed in potassium buffer, and potassium ion was found to be critical for the antibacterial activity. Interestingly, the antibacterial action of β2M was associated with dissipation of the transmembrane potential, but the protein did not cause damage to the membrane that would result in SYTOX green uptake. In addition, stimulation of WISH amniotic epithelial cells with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced dose-dependent upregulation of β2M mRNA expression. These results suggest that β2M contributes to a self-defense response when amniotic cells are exposed to pathogens.

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“…Several investigators [5, 40, 87, 152, 155-157] have reported on the antimicrobial activity of components of the amniotic fluid (AF), which are involved in the innate and adaptative immune response against microorganisms. The innate component of the immune system represents the first line of defense against infection and includes a wide range of non-specific mechanisms [32, 35, 55, 59, 60, 73, 125, 150, 153].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentraxin 3 in amniotic fluid: a novel association with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation

Cruciani

Romero²,

Vaisbuch³

et al. 2010

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Objective: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that has an important role in immunoregulation and vascular integrity. The aim of this study was to determine if PTX3 is present in amniotic fluid (AF) and whether its concentration changes with gestational age (GA), in the presence of preterm or term labor, and in cases of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI) associated with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM). Study design: This cross-sectional study included the following groups: 1) mid-trimester (ns45); 2) uncomplicated pregnancies at term with (ns48) and without (ns40) spontaneous labor; 3) women with PTL and intact membranes who: a) delivered at term (ns44); b) delivered preterm without IAI (ns40); or c) delivered preterm with IAI (ns62); 4) women with preterm PROM with (ns63) and without (ns36) IAI. PTX3 concentration in AF was determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistics were used for analyses. Results: 1) Among women with PTL and intact membranes, the median AF PTX3 concentration was significantly higher in women with IAI than in those without IAI (7.95 ng/mL vs. 0.38 ng/mL; P-0.001) and than in those who delivered at term (0.55 ng/mL; P-0.001); 2) women with preterm PROM and IAI had a higher median AF PTX3 concentration than those without IAI (9.12 ng/mL vs. 0.76 ng/mL; P-0.001); 3) the median AF PTX3 concentration did not change with GA (mid-trimester: 0.79 ng/mL vs. term not in labor: 0.58 ng/mL; Ps0.09); and 4) labor at term was not associated with a significant change of AF PTX 3 concentration (in labor: 0.54 ng/mL vs. not in labor: 0.58 ng/mL, Ps0.9). Conclusions: PTX3 is a physiologic constituent of the AF, and its median concentration is elevated in the presence of IAI, suggesting that PTX3 may play a role in the innate immune response against IAI.

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Studies on the antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Quantitative Bacteriological Analysis of Amniotic Fluid

Quantitative Bacteriological Analysis of Amniotic Fluid

Novel Antibacterial Activity of β2-Microglobulin in Human Amniotic Fluid

Pentraxin 3 in amniotic fluid: a novel association with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation

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