Studies on the Biosynthesis of Dipicolinic Acid in Spores of Bacillus Cereus Var. Mycoides

Perry, Jerome J.; Foster, J. W.

doi:10.1128/jb.69.3.337-346.1955

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Dipicolinic acid analyses were not performed on the various types of spores described here; but if the levels are in the range reported for aerobic spores (Powell and Strange, 1953;Perry and Foster, 1955b;Janssen et al, 1958;Krishna Murty and Halvorson, 1957), the calcium content would be considerably less than equivalent. This was the case in endotrophic spores of Bacillus cereus var.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

ALTERATIONS IN METAL CONTENT OF SPORES OFBACILLUS MEGATERIUMAND THE EFFECT ON SOME SPORE PROPERTIES

1959

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

ALTERATIONS IN METAL CONTENT OF SPORES OFBACILLUS MEGATERIUMAND THE EFFECT ON SOME SPORE PROPERTIES

1959

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“…Spores with 'maximal manganese or zinc content possessed minimum calcium, and therefore were thermosensitive. Amaha and Ordal (1957) (Perry and Foster, 1955 ;Collier and Murty, 1957 ;Hashimoto et al, 1960;Church and Halvorson, 1959).…”

Section: Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Events During Death of Bacterial Endospores by Moist Heat^a

El-Bisi

Lechowich

Amaha

et al. 1962

Journal of Food Science

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SUMMARY Efforts were continued in an attempt to assess quantitatively the behavior of certain cellular components while the spores were being exposed to moist heat, and to correlate such behavior with the thermal death reaction. Spores of Bacillus subtilis were preheated over prolonged intervals in an attempt to induce the release of cellular dipicolinic acid (DPA) without exercising serious loss of viability, and then to evaluate the subsequent effect of DPA release upon the thermal death rate of the preheated spores. At 45°C in 2.5mM PO4 buffer at pH 7, the net DPA released amounted only to 1.6 and 2.7% at the end of 20 and 30 hr. The treated spores exhibited no loss in viability and when heated at 98.5°C in 25mM PO4 buffer at pH 7, exhibited no differenee in their thermal death rates. Prolonging the heat treatment up to 9 days did not materially change the final results. To induce faster and greater DPA release, the above experiment was repeated at 80 and 90°C. At 80°C the net DPA released was 3.6 and 4.1% at the end of 3 and 8.5 hr, without loss in viability. However, the treated spores exhibited some reduction in their thermoresistance at 98.5°C. At 90°C greater amounts of DPA were released, but were associated with substantial loss in viability, and the surviving spores exhibited marked reduction in their thermoresistance at 98.5°C. These observations suggest the existence of DPA in more than one structural form; free or loosely bound to the spore structure and easily exuded upon mild heating or even standing under refrigeration; and a second more strongly bound form which required severe heating for its release. It is this latter form which might be associated with the mechanism of thermoresistance. Along with DPA, following the same pattern but at much higher rates, ninhydrin‐positive material was exuded during sublethal heating at 80, 85, and 90°C. It was suggested that such material might be of similar nature to that exuded during germination of Bacillus species as described by Powell (1957). Spore suspensions of Bacillus coagulans (thermoacidurans) of varied thermostability were heated in 25mM phosphate buffer at pH 7, at 95°C and both the rate of death and DPA release were established. Results showed a difference in kinetics between the two reactions. Death progressed at higher rates than DPA release. Higher rates of death were associated with higher rates of DPA release. Spores of same strain were heated in both water and 10mM glyeylglycine, a death accelerating agent, at 100°C, sampled at intervals and analyzed for survival, dry weight, calcium, manganese, magnesium and DPA. Results showed the death of spores and their concurrent exudation of DPA and divalent cations were both markedly accelerated in the presence of glycylglyeine. The 25‐min survival and exudate levels in glycylglyeine were near equivalent to those at the 65‐min levels in water. The kinetics of death and the concurrent release of DPA and calcium were further assessed in more detail in 5mM phosphate buffer at pH 7 at 96 and 99°C usin...

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“…Dipicolinic acid (DPA) has been found to constitute from 5 to 15% of the dry weight of the spore (Powell, 1953;Perry and Foster, 1955). Apparently, accumulation of certain levels of this compound is necessary before heat re-1 Journal Paper no.…”

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Chemical Composition and Heat Resistance of Some Aerobic Bacterial Spores

1961

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WALKER, HOMER W. (Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames), JACK R. MATCHES, AND JOHN C. AYRES. Chemical composition and heat resistance of some aerobic bacterial spores. J. Bacteriol. 82:960-966. 1961.-Analyses of spores of Bacillus species for nitrogen, carbohydrate, dipicolinic acid, and phosphorus showed little correlation with heat resistance. However, as the molar concentration of magnesium increased in relation to dipicolinic acid and calcium concentrations, heat resistance generally decreased. Analyses of several batches of spores indicated that this relationship between calcium, magnesium, and dipicolinic acid did not always hold true. Therefore, while these materials apparently play an important role, other factors need to be included before a full explanation of thermal stability of spores can be made.

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Studies on the Biosynthesis of Dipicolinic Acid in Spores of Bacillus Cereus Var. Mycoides

Abstract: After it was established that sporogenesis in certain aerobic bacilli could take place in the absence of exogenous nutrients ("endotrophic sporulation") (Hardwick and Foster, 1952;

Cited by 65 publications

References 16 publications

ALTERATIONS IN METAL CONTENT OF SPORES OFBACILLUS MEGATERIUMAND THE EFFECT ON SOME SPORE PROPERTIES

ALTERATIONS IN METAL CONTENT OF SPORES OFBACILLUS MEGATERIUMAND THE EFFECT ON SOME SPORE PROPERTIES

Chemical Events During Death of Bacterial Endospores by Moist Heat^a

Chemical Composition and Heat Resistance of Some Aerobic Bacterial Spores

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Studies on the Biosynthesis of Dipicolinic Acid in Spores of Bacillus Cereus Var. Mycoides

Abstract: After it was established that sporogenesis in certain aerobic bacilli could take place in the absence of exogenous nutrients ("endotrophic sporulation") (Hardwick and Foster, 1952;

Cited by 65 publications

References 16 publications

ALTERATIONS IN METAL CONTENT OF SPORES OFBACILLUS MEGATERIUMAND THE EFFECT ON SOME SPORE PROPERTIES

ALTERATIONS IN METAL CONTENT OF SPORES OFBACILLUS MEGATERIUMAND THE EFFECT ON SOME SPORE PROPERTIES

Chemical Events During Death of Bacterial Endospores by Moist Heata

Chemical Composition and Heat Resistance of Some Aerobic Bacterial Spores

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Product

Resources

About

Chemical Events During Death of Bacterial Endospores by Moist Heat^a