Studies on the Blood and Tissues in Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy

Morgulis, Sergius; Spencer, Howard C.

doi:10.1093/jn/12.2.173

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The observed upregulation of the LDL receptor at concentrations from 0 to 50 μM α-tocopherol offers an explanation for the high plasma cholesterol seen in vitamin E-deficient animals and its lowering by replenishment with the vitamin [1-7]. Tocopherols were undetectable when the HepG2 cells were grown in the absence of added tocopherols; these cells therefore essentially mimic liver cells in vitamin E-deficient animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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α-Tocopherol modulates the low density lipoprotein receptor of human HepG2 cells

Pal

Thomson

Bottema

et al. 2003

Nutr J

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) on the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, a cell surface protein which plays an important role in controlling blood cholesterol. Human HepG2 hepatoma cells were incubated for 24 hours with increasing amounts of α, δ, or γ-tocopherol. The LDL receptor binding activity, protein and mRNA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase mRNA, cell cholesterol and cell lathosterol were measured. The effect of α-tocopherol was biphasic. Up to a concentration of 50 µM, α-tocopherol progressively increased LDL receptor binding activity, protein and mRNA to maximum levels 2, 4 and 6-fold higher than control, respectively. The HMG-CoA reductase mRNA and the cell lathosterol concentration, indices of cholesterol synthesis, were also increased by 40% over control by treatment with 50 µM α-tocopherol. The cell cholesterol concentration was decreased by 20% compared to control at 50 µM α-tocopherol. However, at α-tocopherol concentrations higher than 50 µM, the LDL receptor binding activity, protein and mRNA, the HMG-CoA reductase mRNA and the cell lathosterol and cholesterol concentrations all returned to control levels. The biphasic effect on the LDL receptor was specific for α-tocopherol in that δ and γ-tocopherol suppressed LDL receptor binding activity, protein and mRNA at all concentrations tested despite the cells incorporating similar amounts of the three homologues. In conclusion, α-tocopherol, exhibits a specific, concentration-dependent and biphasic "up then down" effect on the LDL receptor of HepG2 cells which appears to be at the level of gene transcription. Cholesterol synthesis appears to be similarly affected and the cell cholesterol concentration may mediate these effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In 1936, Morgulis and Spencer [1] reported that the plasma cholesterol was twofold higher than normal in rabbits made deficient in vitamin E and that dietary replenishment of the vitamin normalised the cholesterol concentration. This effect was later confirmed by others in the rat [2-4] as well as in the rabbit [5-7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Tocopherol modulates the low density lipoprotein receptor of human HepG2 cells

Pal

Thomson

Bottema

et al. 2003

Nutr J

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“…These results show that major changes occurred in the distribution of water in the muscle tissues and can be interpreted as an increase in extracellular fluid and a decrease in intracellular fluid. Increases in sodium content and decreases in potassium content have been demonstrated in dystrophic rabbit muscle by Morgulis & Osheroff (1938). It may be concluded, therefore, that with the calf, as with the rabbit, muscular dystrophy is associated with an increase in mineral content of muscle, as a result of both a mild pathological calcification and a change in the proportions of intra-and extracellular fluids of the tissue.…”

Section: Ash Content Of the Musclesmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Nutrition of the Young Ayrshire Calf

Blaxter

Wood

1952

Br J Nutr

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In a previous paper (Blaxter, Watts &Wood, 1952) data were presented which showed that experimental diets could be prepared which, when given to young calves, caused a very high incidence of muscular dystrophy. The present paper is concerned with the composition of muscles and other tissues of these calves. EXPERIMENTAL GeneralThe plan of the experiment, details of experimental animals, their diets and their management were given in the previous paper (Blaxter et al. 1952). The same nomenclature is used here, namely :Group A0.E. Vitamins A and D were supplied in solution in arachis oil; 50 mg Group AO.0. Vitamins A and D were supplied in solution in arachis oil; no Group CL0.E. Vitamins A and D were supplied by cod-liver oil; 50 mg a-tocopheryl Group CLO.0. Vitamins A and D were supplied by cod-liver oil; no vitamin E was a-tocopheryl acetate were given daily.vitamin E was given.acetate were given daily.given. Individual calves are referred to by treatment and replication number. MethodsPost-mortem methods and details of dissections have been described (Blaxter et al. I 952). The following muscles were analysed chemically : supraspinatus, infraspinatus, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19520015 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 54.186.52.231, on 10 May 2018 at 08:28:19, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, Vol. 6Nutrition of the Ayrshire calf. 9 ' 4 5 long head of triceps, lateral head of triceps, anterior brachial, coraco-radialis, anterior extensor of the metacarpus, biceps femoris, semi-tendinosus, semi-membranosus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, adductor, gastrocnemius, diaphragm, tongue and heart. Brain and liver were also analysed, but not in such great detail. All tissues were dissected free of tendon and fascia and were macerated in a high-speed blendor. On this fresh material water was estimated by direct drying at 100'; cholesterol and cholesteryl esters by the method of Schoenheimer & Sperry (1934) as modified by Sobel & Meyer (1945); nitrogen by Kjeldahl; acid-soluble, lipid and nucleic-acid phosphorus compounds were separated by the method of Schneider (1945) and the phosphorus was determined by the method of Fiske & Subbarow (1925), creatine by the method of Rose, Helmer & Chanutin (1927) and collagen by the method of Spencer, Morgulis & Wilder (1937). Non-protein and total-globulin nitrogen were determined on isotonic potassium chloride-bicarbonate extracts of the fresh muscle prepared by maceration in a high-speed blendor using tungstic acid as a precipitant. Myosin was estimated through the nitrogen content of the precipitate formed after dilution of the buffer extracts at the iso-electric point of myosin. Stroma proteins were estimated by determination of the nitrogen content of the washed residuum of the extract. On the dried muscle and tissue, fat was determined by extraction with diethyl ether and light petroleum; calcium and magnesium by the method of McCrudden (1911-IZ), iron by the method of Woiwod (1947), sod...

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“…T h e situation with regard to cholesterol is of some interest. Morgulis & Spencer (1936) showed that dystrophic muscle in guinea-pigs contained substantially more cholesterol than did muscle from controls, although liver and kidney from dystrophic animals contained less than did liver and kidney from controls. This has been confirmed in several species by other workers, but cholesterol levels are so dependent on the qualitative and quantitative nature of the dietary fat that contradictory statements occur.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic effects of vitamin E and selenium

Green

1962

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Studies on the Blood and Tissues in Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

α-Tocopherol modulates the low density lipoprotein receptor of human HepG2 cells

α-Tocopherol modulates the low density lipoprotein receptor of human HepG2 cells

The Nutrition of the Young Ayrshire Calf

Metabolic effects of vitamin E and selenium

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