Studies on the Chemical Compatibility of Alloy D9 with B4C in the Presence of Sodium

Chandran, K.S. Ravi; Anthonysamy, S.; Lavanya, M.; Sudha, R.; Reshmi, P.R.; Annie, D.; Madhavan, R.; Prasanthi, T.N.; Sudha, C.; Saroja, S.; Ganesan, V.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.063

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The experimental k p are plotted in Figure 10. The parabolic rate constants were in accordance with an extrapolation of Chandran et al 7 values obtained at higher temperature assuming that the activation energy was equal to the one calculated by Heuvel et al 6 However, the k p were ten times lower than the kinetics law calculated by Heuvel et al 6 Both authors used a different configuration than the one used in our study. They used B 4 C pellet inserted in steel clads.…”

Section: Kineticssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The form under which carbon was present in the boride layer was not known but it might be stable chromium carbides which were formed during the transient stage and which did not dissolved entirely during the following formation of the boride layer. The carburization of austenitic steels in sodium containing B 4 C was also revealed by Chandran et al 7 at 700 °C. They affirmed that carbon came from the dissolution of B 4 C but this conclusion may be an early conclusion since nuclear grade sodium is usually carburizing as well.…”

Section: Nature Of the Chemical Interactionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The three studied steel grades, in contact of B 4 C powder in sodium at 600 °C, formed a duplex boride layer, MB and M 2 B. The formation of these two layers was also identified by XRD by Heuvel et al 6 after exposure of X10CrNiMoTiB1515 and X8CrNiMoNb1616 with B 4 C pellets in liquid sodium at the same temperature, 600 °C for 1000 h. M 2 B phase was the only phase characterized by Chandran et al 7 after exposure of 15Cr15Ni (D9 steel) steel with B 4 C pellets in liquid sodium at higher temperature, 700 °C. The growth kinetics of these two layers was characterized to be parabolic which suggest a diffusion controlled growth process and within the 3000 h exposure, the growth kinetics of MB was shown to be higher than M 2 B.…”

Section: Nature Of the Chemical Interactionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…They affirmed that carbon came from the dissolution of B 4 C but this conclusion may be an early conclusion since nuclear grade sodium is usually carburizing as well. Heuvel et al 7 in their study at 600 °C, revealed the formation a carburization zone underneath the boride layer but affirmed that the excess of carbon came from the initial carbon contained in the borided zone only. From our study, it is believed that both initial carbon present in nuclear grade sodium and carbon from B 4 C powder explained the additional carbon measured underneath and into the boride layer.…”

Section: Nature Of the Chemical Interactionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Chemical Interaction of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels with B₄C Powder in Liquid Sodium at 600°C

et al. 2019

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In the framework of studies on the control rods lifetime for the Sodium Fast Reactor prototype development, three commercial steels were exposed to B 4 C powder in sodium at 600 °C for durations up to 3000 h. Analyses by optical and secondary electron microscopy, electron microprobe and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry revealed the formation of borides layers on the steel surface and slight carburization deeper in the steels. The growth of the boride layers followed parabolic kinetics. The natures of the formed boride layers were in good agreement with thermodynamic equilibrium predicted by Thermo-Calc software. The carburization depths were much lower than the ones obtained in pure carburizing sodium at 600 °C. It did not grow with time revealing possible protective character of the boride layers against carbon penetration.

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Section: Kineticssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Nature Of the Chemical Interactionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Nature Of the Chemical Interactionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Nature Of the Chemical Interactionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical Interaction of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels with B₄C Powder in Liquid Sodium at 600°C

et al. 2019

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“…For comparison, the composition obtained from the EDX analysis of the reacted and the virgin alloy is also shown in Figure C. It is reported that in SS 304, dissolution of nickel towards liquid sodium from the bulk of the alloy is observed and the similar phenomenon is observed for D9 alloy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Chemical interaction of D9 alloy clad with B₄C in liquid sodium: Studies employing XPS, XRD, and SEM

et al. 2018

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A cell representing typical control rod subassembly of the prototype fast breeder reactor is designed to probe the liquid sodium-mediated chemical interaction of boron carbide (B 4 C) control rod with the D9 alloy clad. The cell was equilibrated at 973 K for 5000 hours with liquid sodium in the annular gap. XRD shows the formation of Cr 3 C 2 and Fe 2 B along with oxides of Ni, Cr, and Fe. XPS studies reveal the diffusion of boron and carbon up to a depth of about 160 and 120 μm, respectively. A boron-rich region is observed up to a depth of about 40 μm which consists of B 3+ arising from oxides and a nearly constant elemental boron region, extending up to a depth of 160 μm. The highly reacted zone extends up to a depth of about 40 μm consisting of oxides of most of the elements of D9 clad exhibiting a higher valence states. As the cell is helium leak tested, oxygen out gassed from B 4 C at 973 K played a major role in chemical oxidation of the constituents of the D9 alloy which can be minimized by using high-density B 4 C. K E Y W O R D S boron and carbon diffusion, boron carbide, D9 alloy, XPS depth profiling studies

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Microstructural and Chemical Changes of a Ti-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steel After Exposure to Liquid Sodium at Temperatures Between 500 °C and 650 °C

Slim

Géandier

Malard

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Trans A

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Ti-stabilized austenitic stainless steel was carburized in sodium containing a high carbon activity at three different temperatures, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 650 °C during 1000 hours and 5000 hours. The carbon profile, the carbide volume fraction, and the lattice parameter evolution as fonction of depth were determined using high-energy X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. At 650 °C and 600 °C, the carbon precipitated as M 23 C 6 and M 7 C 3 carbides in the sample. The volume fraction of M 7 C 3 carbides was lower than predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium using Thermo-Calc software ® . At 500 °C, carbides almost did not form in the steel. Instead, high carbon supersaturation of the austenitic matrix occurred. Both results demonstrate that the carburiz.ation profile was strongly influenced by the kinetics of carbide formation at temperatures lower than 650 °C. High-energy X-ray diff raction measurements demonstrated that the austenite and carbide lattice parameters evolved along the carbon profile. Both measured lattice parameter profi les of austenite and M 23 C 6 carbide were compared to the ones predicted from chemical changes of austenite and carbides.

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Studies on the Chemical Compatibility of Alloy D9 with B4C in the Presence of Sodium

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Chemical Interaction of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels with B₄C Powder in Liquid Sodium at 600°C

Chemical Interaction of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels with B₄C Powder in Liquid Sodium at 600°C

Chemical interaction of D9 alloy clad with B₄C in liquid sodium: Studies employing XPS, XRD, and SEM

Microstructural and Chemical Changes of a Ti-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steel After Exposure to Liquid Sodium at Temperatures Between 500 °C and 650 °C

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Studies on the Chemical Compatibility of Alloy D9 with B4C in the Presence of Sodium

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Chemical Interaction of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels with B4C Powder in Liquid Sodium at 600°C

Chemical Interaction of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels with B4C Powder in Liquid Sodium at 600°C

Chemical interaction of D9 alloy clad with B4C in liquid sodium: Studies employing XPS, XRD, and SEM

Microstructural and Chemical Changes of a Ti-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steel After Exposure to Liquid Sodium at Temperatures Between 500 °C and 650 °C

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Chemical Interaction of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels with B₄C Powder in Liquid Sodium at 600°C

Chemical Interaction of Austenitic and Ferritic Steels with B₄C Powder in Liquid Sodium at 600°C

Chemical interaction of D9 alloy clad with B₄C in liquid sodium: Studies employing XPS, XRD, and SEM