Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system

Altunbulduk, Tahir; Köcker, H. Meier Zu; Frenzel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/bf00323331

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…37,38 The drastic decrease in the OCP of the Ag/AgCl electrode after adding 10 mM sulfide ion could be described by this equation, as sulfide could cause interference to the Ag/AgCl electrodes. 39 The concentration of H 2 S in cerebrospinal fluid has been measured to be 0.1 mM, 40 and although this concentration value is generally magnitudes lower than the concentration that we suggest to reduce the OCP value of the Ag/AgCl reference electrode, we assume that the consistent interaction between AgCl and sulfide ions over weeks might yield the same outcome.…”

Section: Sulfide Ion Foulingmentioning

confidence: 61%

Understanding the different effects of fouling mechanisms on working and reference electrodes in fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for neurotransmitter detection

Jang,

Cho,

Hwang

et al. 2024

Analyst

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Section: Sulfide Ion Foulingmentioning

confidence: 61%

Understanding the different effects of fouling mechanisms on working and reference electrodes in fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for neurotransmitter detection

Jang,

Cho,

Hwang

et al. 2024

Analyst

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“…The extent to which Ag 2 S contributes to the product layer at the sensor’s surface determines the cathodic potential shift of the sensor ( Figure 9 b) [ 105 ]. The interference of sulphide ions with the chloride sensor is more serious than that of hydroxide ions [ 101 , 106 ]. This is mainly because of very small solubility product of silver sulphide (as above mentioned).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Chloride Content in Cementitious Materials: From Fundamental Aspects to Application of Ag/AgCl Chloride Sensors

Pargar

Koleva

Breugel

2017

Sensors

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This paper reports on the advantages and drawbacks of available test methods for the determination of chloride content in cementitious materials in general, and the application of Ag/AgCl chloride sensors in particular. The main factors that affect the reliability of a chloride sensor are presented. The thermodynamic behaviour of silver in the presence or absence of chloride ions is described and kinetic restrictions are addressed. The parameters that can affect the activity of chloride ions in the medium and/or the rate of ion exchange and dissolution/precipitation processes at the sensor’s surface are also considered. In this regard, the contribution of morphology and microstructure of the AgCl layer, binding of chloride ions and the compactness of hydration products around the chloride sensor are highlighted. The important parameters for a reliable sensor’s response are discussed and the possible causes of inaccuracies are evaluated.

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“…The use of bromate in nitric acid as oxidising agent (commercially available under the trademark CISA, Orion Research) was especially useful in the absence of high levels of sulfide, otherwise an alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution is recommended. 34 Concentrations of sulfide, iodide, bromide and cyanide up to values of 2, 5, 5 and 2 g l 21 respectively can be tolerated without interference in the chloride determination by mixing the sample with CISA in a 1:1 volume ratio prior to analysis. The addition of 2 mol l 21 nitric acid to the 0.72 mol l 21 KNO 3 ionic strength buffer was then required to balance the chemical potential for standards and samples.…”

Section: Interference Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel flow-through microdialysis separation unit with integrated differential potentiometric detection for the determination of chloride in soil samples

Miró

Frenzel

2003

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In this paper, a novel and miniaturised flow-through dialysis-based potentiometric detector is proposed for the determination of chloride in soil samples. The outstanding feature of the designed unit is the integration of analyte isolation from matrix constituents via membrane separation with differential potentiometric detection. Two identical tubular all-solid-state Ag/AgCl ion selective electrodes (ISEs) were assembled respectively at the inlet and outlet of the acceptor channel. Thus, as a consequence of the continuous forward flow of solutions through the microdialyser the outlet tube becomes the indicator electrode for the analyte diffusate while the nested tube at the entrance serves as reference electrode. The effect of physical and chemical parameters on the mass transfer efficiency is discussed in detail and compared with conventional configurations involving downstream detection. The membrane morphology for optimum dialysis performance is also thoroughly evaluated in terms of thickness, porosity and molecular weight cut-off. Higher dialysis efficiency and reduction of dilution factors up to a value of 5 were attained by halting the recipient stream temporarily. Under the optimised conditions, a dynamic working range of 5-5000 mg l(-1) chloride with a linear interval between 10 and 5000 mg l(-1) (for 1 min stopped-flow and 200 microl sample volume), a repeatability better than 3.0% and a 3 sigma(blank) detection limit of 1.2 mg l(-1) chloride were the analytical figures of merit of the devised configuration. The potentiometric dialysis sensor features extreme tolerance to high molecular weight interfering matrix compounds (> 1000 mg l(-1) humic acid), which makes it specially suited for the interference-free potentiometric determination of chloride in soils containing high levels of organic matter. The miniature size, low-reagent consumption and high analytical throughput (25-40 h(-1)) also warrant its applicability to in-field monitoring or screening schemes. The accuracy of the measurements was assessed using ion-chromatography as an external reference method. A mean t-test showed no statistical differences between both methodologies at the 95% confidence level.

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Studies on the elimination of sulfide interference in the potentiometric determination of chloride using ion selective electrodes in a flow injection system

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Understanding the different effects of fouling mechanisms on working and reference electrodes in fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for neurotransmitter detection

Understanding the different effects of fouling mechanisms on working and reference electrodes in fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for neurotransmitter detection

Determination of Chloride Content in Cementitious Materials: From Fundamental Aspects to Application of Ag/AgCl Chloride Sensors

A novel flow-through microdialysis separation unit with integrated differential potentiometric detection for the determination of chloride in soil samples

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