Experientia 37 (1981), Birkh/iuser Verlag, Basel (Schweiz) in distilled water for 24 h and then the roots were fixed and squashed as above. Mitotic arrest was the most salient feature of treated cells (figure 1). Deformed nuclei and nuclear lesions were also common in such preparations. Deeply pycnotic nuclei presumably formed by arrest in metaphase were also common (figure 2). Arrest in prophase and elongation of nuclei were also frequently encountered (figure 3). Early splitting of chromosomes was noticed and this in association with nondisjunction of daughter chromosomes could possibly result in polyploidy. Figure 4 shows a triploid cell in which early splitting of chromosomes is very evident. Sister-strand exchanges were also observed. The spindle mechanism was found to be disturbed in the treated cells. The display of metaphase chromosomes in 3 different groups could also be noticed in some preparations (figure 5). Metaphase clumping (figure 6) and neocentric activity of telomeres (figure 7) were also encountered. In materials treated with the drug for 24 h and then allowed to grow in distilled water for another 24 h, there was a drastic decrease in the mitotic index. The cytological effects of different treatments with nimbidin are presented in table 1. (A minimum of 500 cells was observed for each timing and treatment.) The Allium test was undertaken for rapid screening of drugs for antimitotic activity, since it is very convenient, inexpensive and provides hundreds of cells in mitosis in a single preparation. It is proposed to carry out further tests with sarcoma 180, adenocarcinoma 755 and leukemia 1210, according to the international scheme 7 for establishing the anticancer activity of this drug.
93The results dearly indicate that nimbidin is a strong antimitotic agent. At higher concentrations, the drug is able to arrest cell division immediately upon treatment. The effect seems to be primarily in the kinetochore of chromosomes, as shown by the acute clumping of chromosomes and neocentric activity of telomeres. Disturbances in chromosome movement may be a secondary effect due to kinetochore inactivation. Such effects have been induced by UV-microbeam irradiation of kinetochores 8. However, this does not interfere with the molecular and effective replications of chromosome strands. Thus this drug behaves similarly to colchicine and vinca alkaloids. From a comparison of these results with those obtained by us with adriamycin 9, it appears that nimbidin is a more powerful antimitotic agent than adriamycin, currently used in cancer chemotherapy.