Studies on the gastrointestinal absorption of phosphocitrate, a powerful controller of hydroxyapatite formation

Liposome and Multiple Emulsion Formulations Augment the Anticalcifying Efficacy of Phosphocitrate in a Cutaneous Calcergy Model

“…In respect to an in-vivo response, it was observed that standard liposomes administered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mg phosphocitrate kg-' day -' could inhibit the formation of induced subcutaneous plaques by 21 YO (P < 0.0005) whereas an equivalent dose of the phosphocitrate salt alone was ineffective. This result is encouraging as it has been demonstrated previously that a 90% reduction in plaque formation requires daily intraperitoneal treatment with phosphocitrate at a level of 100mgkg-' (Cooper & Sallis 1993). An attempt was made to improve the liposomal entrapment of phosphocitrate by including a positively charged species during liposomal preparation ( Table 3).…”

“…Internal organs were routinely examined, with special reference to the liver and spleen, and were found to be unaffected by the treatment. Plaque samples (50-100mg) were digested at 75°C for 5 h with a mixture comprising perchloric acid (70% w/v, 200 pL) and hydrogen peroxide (30% w/v, 400pL) and the extent of plaque mineralization was subsequently assessed by assaying for calcium and phosphate (Cooper & Sallis 1993). The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using a singletailed Student's t-test.…”

“…A suitable method of administering the compound to animals to allow maximum efficiency of its therapeutic potential now offers a challenge. There is evidence of limited intestinal absorption of phosphocitrate, reducing bioavailability by the oral route (Cooper & Sallis 1993). Injecting phosphocitrate intraperitoneally or intramuscularly circumvents the intestinal problem but maintaining a constant drug concentration at all times within the therapeutic range also becomes an important consideration.…”

Dietary myo-inositol hexaphosphate prevents dystrophic calcifications in soft tissues: a pilot study in Wistar rats

“…), and whole blood removed and the developed plaques excised and weighed. Previous work had established a direct relationship between plaque weight and precipitation of hydroxyapatite (Cooper and Sallis, 1993;Demadis et al, 2001). Animal weights were monitored on days 1, 4, 12, 17, 25 and 31 during the study.…”

Study of a myo-inositol hexaphosphate-based cream to prevent dystrophic calcinosis cutis

“…Urine samples (24‐h) were also collected the day before killing. It was established previously that there is a direct relationship between plaque weight and precipitation of hydroxiapatite 24,25 . The procedures used in this experiment were carried out according to Directive 86/609/EEC regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes and official permission was obtained from the ethics committee of the University of Balearic Islands.…”