Studies on the genotoxicity of chromium: from the test tube to the cell

Codd, Rachel; Dillon, Carolyn T.; Levina, Aviva; Lay, Peter A.

doi:10.1016/s0010-8545(00)00408-2

Cited by 228 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 196 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

263

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, we may assume that the reason for decreased leaf stiffness under Cr(III) influence is caused by the removal of Ca by Cr cations. On the contrary to trivalent Cr, Cr(VI) is a strong oxidizing agent, known for its very high toxicity to living organisms (Codd et al 2001). In water systems, its ionic forms are anions such as chromate (CrO 4 2-) or dichromate (Cr 2 O 7 2-).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cr(III) is considered to be a micronutrient, essential for the maintenance of the glucose and lipid metabolism in mammals (Schwartz and Mertz 1959). Although when it exceeds the permitted concentration in water, i.e., 50 lg/l (Regulation of 9 November, 2011), it may negatively influence aquatic life and, after consumption, leads to human health problems (Codd et al 2001). Cr(VI) is highly toxic to biota owing to its oxidizing potential and easy permeation of biological membranes (Kimbrough et al 1999;Codd et al 2001;Dhal et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although when it exceeds the permitted concentration in water, i.e., 50 lg/l (Regulation of 9 November, 2011), it may negatively influence aquatic life and, after consumption, leads to human health problems (Codd et al 2001). Cr(VI) is highly toxic to biota owing to its oxidizing potential and easy permeation of biological membranes (Kimbrough et al 1999;Codd et al 2001;Dhal et al 2013). Cr(VI) and Cr(III) can interconvert (Kotaś and Stasicka 2000), and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is assumed to be the main detoxification mechanism of Cr(VI) (Zayed and Terry 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanical properties of Callitriche cophocarpa leaves under Cr(VI)/Cr(III) influence

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Submersed Callitriche cophocarpa is an outstanding Cr phytoremediator in water systems. The mineral elements in waters can penetrate the submersed plant surface. This has led us to the hypothesis that the absorbed Cr can alter the mechanical properties of leaves. These properties were measured by applying atomic force microscopy. C. cophocarpa shoots were immersed in 100 lM (5.2 mg/l) Cr solution for 7 days. Cr was applied independently at two distinct oxidation states as Cr(VI) and Cr(III), known from different physicochemical properties and toxic effects. The contents of elements which were proportional to the fluorescence signal in individual leaves were evaluated using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The results obtained showed that the leaf epidermis significantly changes its elastic properties upon incubation with Cr-supplemented solution. When compared to the control, a drop in the leaf's stiffness observed for Cr(III) was ca. 42 %. In the case of Cr(VI)-treated leaves, the stiffness raised to ca. 17 %. The changes in elasticity were significantly correlated with the contents of Ca (Pearson's coefficient r = 0.87, p \ 0.017). The results led us to ascertain that it is Cr(III) but not Cr(VI) that significantly influences Ca removal from leaves thus decreasing the stiffness of the leaf's epidermis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical properties of Callitriche cophocarpa leaves under Cr(VI)/Cr(III) influence

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hexavalent (as well as metry (AAS); direct current plasma (DCP)-and inductively pentavalent) Cr species are strong oxidants which act as coupled plasma (ICP)-atomic emission spectrometry (AES); carcinogens, mutagens and teratogens in biological systems inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS); (for reviews, see Refs. [25,31,32]). The structural similarly UV-vis spectrometry and thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) of chromate anions (dominant Cr(VI) species at pH <6.1, (for a review see Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, valence of 3d or 4d [30]) to biologically important inorganic anions, such as transition metals can be analyzed by X-ray fluorescence SO-and PO3-is likely responsible for their ability to spectrometry (XRS) [50], X-ray photoemission spectroscopy readily transverse cell membranes, via the sulfate transport (XPS) [51], X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) [3,52], system, and be incorporated into cells (for reviews, see electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) (also known as Refs. [32,33]). In contrast, most water soluble Cr(III) electron spin resonance (ESR)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of chromium valence over the range Cr(0)–Cr(VI) by electron energy loss spectroscopy

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chromium: Biological Relevance

Vincent¹

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The biochemistry of Cr III has been a poorly understood field of endeavor; studies of the biochemistry of none of the other transition metals have been as problematic. Despite four decades of investigation, only recently has a clear picture of the role of Cr been defined potentially. The biologically important form is the trivalent ion, although not in the form of the purported glucose tolerance factor. Apparently, Cr III is required for proper carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mammals, although Cr deficiency is difficult to achieve. Conditions that increase circulating glucose and insulin concentrations increase urinary chromium output. Cr is excreted after an insulin challenge, probably in the form of the oligopeptide chromodulin. Chromodulin may be the key to understanding the role of Cr at a molecular level as the molecule has been found to bind to the activated insulin receptor, stimulating its kinase activity. A mechanism for the action of chromodulin has been proposed recently. The popular nutritional supplement chromium picolinate has been associated with potentially deleterious effects. The mechanism of toxicity of chromate (Cr VI ) is still an area of intense investigation.

show abstract

Studies on the genotoxicity of chromium: from the test tube to the cell

Cited by 228 publications

References 196 publications

Mechanical properties of Callitriche cophocarpa leaves under Cr(VI)/Cr(III) influence

Mechanical properties of Callitriche cophocarpa leaves under Cr(VI)/Cr(III) influence

Determination of chromium valence over the range Cr(0)–Cr(VI) by electron energy loss spectroscopy

Chromium: Biological Relevance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About