Studies on the germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Liu, Y.; Paul, V. H.

doi:10.1007/bf03356198

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Under laboratory conditions, germination of apothecia from sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum required at least 55 days. 28 In this study, first SsHog1 and Shk1 knockout transformants showed a heterokaryotic genotype which has nuclei carrying the target gene or replaced the hygromycin resistance cassette. The two rounds of protoplasting of the first knockout mutants successfully removed the wild-type nuclei from the mutants (Figure S3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…26,27 knockout mutant, a single spore from ascospores of mutants has been used but ascospore formation of S. sclerotiorum is difficult and time-intensive in the artificial condition. 28 A protoplast of a fungal species contains a small number of nuclei. 29 Consequently, a homokaryotic mutant can be isolated from protoplasts of heterokaryotic fungal mutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of SsHog1 and Shk1 Using Efficient Gene Knockout Systems through Repeated Protoplasting and CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Approaches in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Ma,

Park,

Kim

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causal agent of sclerotinia stem rot in over 400 plant species. In a previous study, the group III histidine kinase gene of S. sclerotiorum (Shk1) revealed its involvement in iprodione and fludioxonil sensitivity and osmotic stress. To further investigate the fungicide sensitivity associated with the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, we functionally characterized SsHog1, which is the downstream kinase of Shk1. To generate knockout mutants, split marker transformation combined with a newly developed repeated protoplasting method and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery approach were used. The pure SsHog1 and Shk1 knockout mutants showed reduced sensitivity to fungicides and increased sensitivity to osmotic stress. In addition, the SsHog1 knockout mutants demonstrated reduced virulence compared to Shk1 knockout mutants and wild-type. Our results indicate that the repeated protoplasting method and RNP approach can generate genetically pure homokaryotic mutants and SsHog1 is involved in osmotic adaptation, fungicide sensitivity, and virulence in S. sclerotiorum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of SsHog1 and Shk1 Using Efficient Gene Knockout Systems through Repeated Protoplasting and CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Approaches in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Ma,

Park,

Kim

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Alguns trabalhos têm demonstrado que a umidade do solo influencia mais a germinação carpogênica dos escleródios do que a temperatura do solo e a intensidade de luz sob o dossel; no entanto a interação desses fatores é que determina a germinação carpogênica (Sun & Yang, 2000;Hao et al, 2003). Segundo Liu & Paul (2007), escleródios enterrados em solos argilosos, a 15°C, germinam em intervalos de umidade entre 15 e 50%.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Os fatores ambientais condicionantes da germinação carpogênica do escleródio incluem temperatura, umidade do solo e profundidade em que o escleródio encontra-se no solo (Liu & Paul, 2007;Wu & Subbarao, 2008). A espécie hospedeira também pode estimular a germinação de escleródios, por meio de exudatos radiculares e pelo microclima formado sob o seu dossel.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Redução do inóculo inicial de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum em soja cultivada após uso do sistema Santa Fé

Görgen

Civardi

Ragagnin

et al. 2010

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efetividade do sistema Santa Fé na redução do inóculo inicial de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, agente causal do mofo-branco em soja. O experimento foi realizado em Jataí, GO, nas safras de 2007GO, nas safras de /2008GO, nas safras de , 2008GO, nas safras de /2009GO, nas safras de e 2009GO, nas safras de /2010, em lavoura comercial infestada naturalmente pelo patógeno. Foram feitas avaliações quanto ao número de escleródios germinados na superfície do solo, e quanto ao número de apotécios e estipes do patógeno. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial (2x4), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram do sistema Santa Fé (milho + Urochloa ruziziensis) e do milho solteiro implantados na safrinha, em março de 2008 e 2009. Além disso, estudaram-se também quatro diferentes épocas de avaliação da germinação dos escleródios e produção de apotécios e estipes. Verificou-se que o sistema Santa Fé aumentou a proporção de escleródios menores que 2 mm, considerados de menor infectividade, e favoreceu a redução do inóculo inicial por meio da germinação de escleródios e formação de apotécios na entressafra, o que reduziu o número de escleródios germinados e o número de apotécios em pleno florescimento durante os cultivos da soja. O sistema Santa Fé pode reduzir o inóculo inicial de S. sclerotiorum, e pode ser utilizado no manejo do mofo-branco da soja.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, Urochloa ruziziensis, integração lavoura-pecuária, mofo-branco, sistema plantio direto. Reduction of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum initial inoculum in soybean grown after the use of the Santa Fé systemAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of Santa Fé system on reduction of the initial inoculum of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold in soybean. The experiment was carried out in Jataí, GO, Brazil, during 2007/2009and 2009/2010 growing seasons, in a commercial field naturally infested with the pathogen. Evaluations were done for number of sclerodia germinated on the soil surface, and for the pathogen number of apothecia and stipes. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments comprised the Santa Fé system use (maize + Urochloa ruziziensis), and maize as a single crop, both sown at the "safrinha" period (March 2008 and2009). Furthermore, four evaluation dates of sclerotium germination and apothecium and stipe production were studied. The Santa Fé system increased the proportion of sclerotia smaller than 2 mm, considered as of lower infectivity, and promoted the reduction of the initial inoculum through the germination of sclerotia and the development of apothecia between the soybean growing seasons, what reduced the germinated sclerotia and the number of apothecia in the full flowering stage during soybean growing seasons. Santa Fé system can reduce the initial inoculum of S. sclerotiorum, and it may be used for the management of white ...

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“…Sclerotia in the size class >6.7 mm were only obtained from OSR and in this case, due to their size, only 16 sclerotia were placed in each box (three replicate boxes). The germination of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia produced on the crop plants was compared with those produced on sterilized wheat grain in vitro , as used routinely for production of sclerotia in several previous studies (Mylchreest & Wheeler, ; Liu & Paul, ; Warmington & Clarkson, ). As before, three replicate boxes (30 sclerotia per box) were set up for each size class with the exception of those >6.7 mm where a single box was set up due to low numbers of sclerotia of this size being produced on wheat grain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculum potential of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia depends on isolate and host plant

et al. 2018

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The soilborne fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects many important crop plants. Central to the success of this pathogen is the production of sclerotia, which enables survival in soil and constitutes the primary inoculum. This study aimed to determine how crop plant type and S. sclerotiorum isolate impact sclerotial production and germination and hence inoculum potential. Three S. sclerotiorum isolates (L6, L17, L44) were used to inoculate plants of bean, carrot, lettuce, oilseed rape (OSR) and potato, and the number and weight of sclerotia per plant quantified. Carpogenic germination of sclerotia collected from different hosts was also assessed for L6. Production of sclerotia was dependent on both crop plant type and S. sclerotiorum isolate, with OSR and lettuce supporting the greatest number (42–122) and weight (1.6–3.0 g) of sclerotia per plant. The largest sclerotia were produced on OSR (33–66 mg). The three S. sclerotiorum isolates exhibited a consistent pattern of sclerotial production irrespective of crop type; L6 produced large numbers of small sclerotia while L44 produced smaller numbers of large sclerotia, with L17 intermediate between the two. Germination rate and percentage was greatest for larger sclerotia (4.0–6.7 mm) and also varied between host plants. Combining sclerotial production data and typical field crop densities suggested that infected carrot and OSR could produce the greatest number (3944 m−2) and weight (73 g m−2) of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia, respectively, suggesting these crops potentially contribute a greater increase in inoculum. This information, once further validated in field trials, could be used to inform future crop rotation decisions.

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Studies on the germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of SsHog1 and Shk1 Using Efficient Gene Knockout Systems through Repeated Protoplasting and CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Approaches in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Characterization of SsHog1 and Shk1 Using Efficient Gene Knockout Systems through Repeated Protoplasting and CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Approaches in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Redução do inóculo inicial de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum em soja cultivada após uso do sistema Santa Fé

Inoculum potential of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia depends on isolate and host plant

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