Studies on the growth of epitaxial bismuth-substituted iron garnet on gadolinium gallium garnet single crystals by pulsed laser deposition

Leitenmeier, S.; Körner, T.; Griesbauer, J.; Herbort, M.; Heinrich, A.; Stritzker, B.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.08.058

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The 3D island morphology observed for PLDderived BIG thin film is not found in the present thin film. 20,21) The standard deviation of surface roughness evaluated from the AFM measurement is 1.103 nm, an order of magnitude smaller than BIG thin films grown by PLD method. 26,27) The result reflects superiority of the mist CVD method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Faraday effect of bismuth iron garnet thin film prepared by mist CVD method

Yao

Sato

Kaneko

et al. 2015

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Metastable bismuth iron garnet (BIG, an abbreviation of Bi 3 Fe 5 O 12), one kind of garnet-type ferrites, is known to manifest very large Faraday rotation as well as low optical absorption in the visible to infrared region. We report on successful synthesis of thin film composed of single-phase BIG epitaxially grown on single-crystalline gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 , GGG) substrate by using mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, which is an emerging technique for preparation of thin films. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and magnetic, optical and magneto-optical properties of the resultant thin films have been explored. The BIG thin film has a relatively flat surface free from roughness compared to those prepared by other vapor deposition methods. Saturation magnetization is about 1620 G at room temperature, which is close to that expected from the ideal magnetic structure of BIG. The maximum value of Faraday rotation angle reaches 54.3 deg/µm at a wavelength of 424 nm. This value is rather large when compared with those reported for BIG thin films prepared by other techniques. The wavelength dependence of Faraday rotation angle is analyzed well in terms of the crystal electric field (CEF) level schema. Our result suggests that the mist CVD method is a simple and effective technique to synthesize BIG thin film with excellent magneto-optical properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Faraday effect of bismuth iron garnet thin film prepared by mist CVD method

Yao

Sato

Kaneko

et al. 2015

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…Bismuth‐substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) lacks this absorption peak, making it favorable for isolators in the lowest dispersion 1300 nm wavelength range, and bulk Bi:YIG is the material of choice in discrete isolators. Single‐crystal Bi:YIG has been extensively characterized . Epitaxial Bi:YIG films on Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 (GGG) (111) substrates exhibited a Faraday rotation angle Θ f proportional to the Bi content .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto‐Optical Bi:YIG Films with High Figure of Merit for Nonreciprocal Photonics

Fakhrul

Tazlaru

Beran

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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lator devices is commonly a MO iron garnet material, in particular yttrium iron garnet (YIG, Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 ) with substituents such as Ce or Bi to increase the MO performance. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the integration of garnets on a Si (or other semiconductor) platform is challenging due to the incompatible lattice parameters and the thermal expansion mismatch between garnets and common semiconductor substrates. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Moreover, crystallization of the garnet phase usually requires a high thermal budget. Garnets formed on semiconductor substrates are polycrystalline and exhibit higher optical absorption than single crystal films. Furthermore, impurity phases such as YFeO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Bi 2 O 3 can form during the crystallization process, [17] which contributes to optical loss. These factors result in inferior optical performance of polycrystalline MO garnet films compared to the bulk garnet material, and a lower figure of merit (FoM), defined as the ratio of the Faraday rotation to the absorption coefficient per length of the material.Considerable work has been done on growth of garnet films on semiconductors to enable demonstrations of isolators and modulators. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The first monolithically integrated optical isolator [6] used 80 nm thick Ce:YIG which was grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on a pre-annealed 20 nm thick YIG seed layer to induce crystallization of the Ce:YIG. A simplified PLD process was introduced by Sun et al. [11] where the YIG seed layer was placed on top of the MO garnet and both layers were crystallized simultaneously by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). This top-seedlayer process places the MO garnet in direct contact with the underlying Si waveguide, maximizing the coupling of light from the waveguide to the MO cladding, but it has only been applied to Ce:YIG. Recently rare-earth garnets have been developed that crystallize on Si and quartz without a seed layer, including sputter-deposited terbium iron garnet (TIG) and Bi-doped TIG (Bi:TIG). [18,19] Growth of MO materials on the sidewall of the waveguide can enable a wider range of device designs, including isolators for transverse electric (TE) polarization. Integrated semiconductor lasers emit TE-polarized light, and TE mode isolation using NRPS requires placement of the MO material on the sidewall of the waveguide to break left-right symmetry. [18,20,21] However, the NRPS-based integrated optical isolators that have been experimentally demonstrated are made with the MO material on the top or bottom surface of the waveguide, which isolates only the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. [6][7][8][11][12][13][14] It is therefore essential to establish deposition conditions that yield Thin film magneto-optical (MO) materials are enablers for integrated nonreciprocal photonic devices such as isolators and circulators. Films of polycrystalline bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) have been grown on silicon substrates and waveguide d...

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“…Yttrium iron garnets with high bismuth ion concentrations, Y 3-x Bi x Fe 5 O 12 (Bi:YIGs) exhibit very strong spin-orbit coupling caused by the presence of Bi resulting into a high MO figure of merit [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Several techniques such as liquid phase epitaxy, pulse laser deposition, sol-gel method or metalorganic chemical vapor deposition have been used to grow Bi:YIGs films of high optical and MO quality [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Among them, metal organic decomposition (MOD) has demonstrated to be a very promising method, because it is inexpensive and guarantees highly uniform chemical composition and purity combined with chemical stability [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and magneto-optical properties of Bi substituted yttrium iron garnets prepared by metal organic decomposition

Jesenská

Yoshida

Shinozaki

et al. 2016

Opt. Mater. Express

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In this work, we present a systematic study of optical and magneto-optical properties of Y 3-x Bi x Fe 5 O 12 thin films with various Bi concentrations (x = 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) prepared by Metal Organic Decomposition on Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 (100) substrates. We used magneto-optical spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Spectral dependence of complex refraction indexes obtained from ellipsometric measurements revealed increasing optical absorption with increasing Bi concentrations. Faraday and Kerr magneto-optical spectra measured in the photon energy range from 1.5 to 5.5 eV clearly demonstrated that the increasing Bi concentration enhances the spin-orbit coupling and influences the magnetooptical effect. Using the magneto-optical and ellipsometric experimental data we deduced a spectral dependence of complete permittivity tensor in a wide spectral range. Comparison of obtained results with the results reported on Liquid Phase Epitaxy bulk-like garnets with small Bi concentrations showed agreement and confirmed a high optical and magneto-optical quality of investigated films.

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Studies on the growth of epitaxial bismuth-substituted iron garnet on gadolinium gallium garnet single crystals by pulsed laser deposition

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Faraday effect of bismuth iron garnet thin film prepared by mist CVD method

Faraday effect of bismuth iron garnet thin film prepared by mist CVD method

Magneto‐Optical Bi:YIG Films with High Figure of Merit for Nonreciprocal Photonics

Optical and magneto-optical properties of Bi substituted yttrium iron garnets prepared by metal organic decomposition

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