Studies on the impact of two Nosema isolates from Bulgaria on the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.)

Horizontal and vertical transmission of a Nosema sp. (Microsporidia) from Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

“…[Schweinfurt] than for two other Nosema isolates from Bulgaria (INHS Accession Nos. 1996-A and 1997-E) infecting L. dispar larvae (Goertz et al, 2004b, Pilarska et al, 1998. The two Bulgarian Nosema isolates were transmitted to a higher percentage of test larvae than Nosema sp.…”

“…Fresh spores of Nosema sp. [Schweinfurt] were produced for the experiments in L. dispar larvae following the procedure described in Goertz et al (2004b). The spore suspension was stored as a 1:1 distilled water:glycerin suspension in liquid nitrogen until experimental use.…”

“…The life history and biology of several microsporidian pathogens of Lymantria dispar (L.) have been intensively studied to elucidate interactions with the host and to facilitate decisions regarding use in biological control programs McManus and Solter, 2003;Goertz et al, 2004b). Isolates in the L. dispar Vairimorpha-Nosema complex, despite close genetic relationships, infect diVerent tissues, and means of transmission appear to vary.…”

Virulence and fitness of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga in its host Lymantria dispar, for pathogen and host strains originating from Asia, Europe, and North America

“…(Goertz et al, 2004), and NPV (Shapiro et al, 1984) have been documented. The studies of B. thuringiensis furthermore demonstrated variability in susceptibility among natural gypsy moth populations from Pennsylvania (Rossiter et al, 1990), suggesting the potential for development of resistance.…”

Microsporidian infections in Lymantria dispar larvae: Interactions and effects of multiple species infections on pathogen horizontal transmission

“…The Nosema group, which includes at least three species in L. dispar, infects the fat body, silk glands and the Malpighian tubules. Environmental spores are probably released from living larvae with feces and silk, as well as from cadavers (Maddox et al, 1999;Goertz et al, 2004).…”