Studies on the inheritance of root color and carotenoid content in red × yellow and red × white crosses of carrot, Daucus carota L.

Buishand, J. G.; Gabelman, W. H.

doi:10.1007/bf00025121

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The dominant band at 1,520 cm ¡1 could be assigned to -carotene similarly as for the other coloured carrots whereas the lower wavenumber vibration seen as a shoulder at about 1,510 cm ¡1 was due to red lycopene, which is another main carotenoid of red carrot (Buishand and Gabelman 1980). Lycopene is an acyclic 11-conjugated carotene occurring as the principal pigment in red tomato fruits, where it has been already identiWed by FT-Raman spectroscopy as responsible for 1 stretching vibration occurring at 1,510 cm ¡1 .…”

Section: Identiwcation Of the Main Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…However, tinge roots showed often continuous variation of colour, particularly in phloem, and several classes of colour intensity had to be considered. The similar approach was used for red carrots and their segregating progenies (Buishand and Gabelman 1980). Further chemical analysis of root sections comprising the secondary phloem or xylem conWrmed that the observed colour diVerence was related to the carotenoid content in the tissue, but it was also found that roots of less intense orange colour could possess higher level of carotenoids than those of more intense colouration, so visual classiWcation was not always accurate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SigniWcant amounts of lycopene are present only in red roots that contain also -carotene while -carotene is usually below the detection limit. Purple roots can possess a similar carotene composition as orange roots, but the presence of dark anthocyanins masks the orange colour (Buishand and Gabelman 1980;Nicolle et al 2004;Surles et al 2004). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue-specific accumulation of carotenoids in carrot roots

Barańska

Barański

Schulz

et al. 2006

Planta

109

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Raman spectroscopy can be used for sensitive detection of carotenoids in living tissue and Raman mapping provides further information about their spatial distribution in the measured plant sample. In this work, the relative content and distribution of the main carrot (Daucus carota L.) root carotenoids, alpha-, beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene were assessed using near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. The pigments were measured simultaneously in situ in root sections without any preliminary sample preparation. The Raman spectra obtained from carrots of different origin and root colour had intensive bands of carotenoids that could be assigned to beta-carotene (1,520 cm(-1)), lycopene (1,510 cm(-1)) and alpha-carotene/lutein (1,527 cm(-1)). The Raman mapping technique revealed detailed information regarding the relative content and distribution of these carotenoids. The level of beta-carotene was heterogeneous across root sections of orange, yellow, red and purple roots, and in the secondary phloem increased gradually from periderm towards the core, but declined fast in cells close to the vascular cambium. alpha-carotene/lutein were deposited in younger cells with a higher rate than beta-carotene while lycopene in red carrots accumulated throughout the whole secondary phloem at the same level. The results indicate developmental regulation of carotenoid genes in carrot root and that Raman spectroscopy can supply essential information on carotenogenesis useful for molecular investigations on gene expression and regulation.

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Section: Identiwcation Of the Main Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue-specific accumulation of carotenoids in carrot roots

Barańska

Barański

Schulz

et al. 2006

Planta

109

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show abstract

“…As the main source of carotenoids in nature, carrots are used as model plants to explore the molecular mechanisms of synthesis of these molecules [ 11 – 13 ]. Previous studies have shown that Y , Y 2 and L loci in carrots determine the variation in carotenoid-related phenotypes in roots [ 14 , 15 ]. However, besides the candidate gene identified at the Y loci [ 14 ], other key genes are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere-to-telomere carrot (Daucus carota) genome assembly reveals carotenoid characteristics

Wang

Liu

et al. 2023

Horticulture Research

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Carrot (Daucus carota) is an Apiaceae plant with multi-colored fleshy roots that provides a model system for carotenoid research. In this study, we assembled a 430.40 Mb high-quality gapless genome to the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) level of ‘Kurodagosun’ carrot. In total, 36,268 genes were identified and 34,961 of them were functionally annotated. The proportion of repeat sequences in the genome was 55.3 %, mainly long terminal repeats (LTRs). Depending on the coverage of the repeats, 14 telomeres and 9 centromeric regions on the chromosomes were predicted. A phylogenetic analysis showed that carrots evolved early in the family Apiaceae. Based on the T2T genome, we reconstructed the carotenoid metabolic pathway and identified the structural genes that regulate carotenoid biosynthesis. Among the 65 genes that were screened, 9 were newly identified. Additionally, some gene sequences overlapped with transposons, suggesting replication and functional differentiation of carotenoid-related genes during carrot evolution. Given that some gene copies were barely expressed during development, they might be functionally redundant. Comparison of 24 cytochrome P450 genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis revealed the tandem or proximal duplication resulting in expansion of CYP gene family. These results provided molecular information for carrot carotenoid accumulation and contributed to a new genetic resource.

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“…To date, the evolution of the molecular mechanism determining the red carrot root color remains unclear. Buishand and Gabelman (1980) explored the genetic control of carotenoid synthesis through crosses of red × yellow and red × white carrots and found that the major genes Y , Y 2 , L , and A 1 were segregated. The L gene was found to stimulate lycopene synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycopene ε‐cyclase mediated transition of α‐carotene and β‐carotene metabolic flow in carrot fleshy root

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYThe accumulation of carotenoids, such as xanthophylls, lycopene, and carotenes, is responsible for the color of carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) fleshy roots. The potential role of DcLCYE, encoding a lycopene ε‐cyclase associated with carrot root color, was investigated using cultivars with orange and red roots. The expression of DcLCYE in red carrot varieties was significantly lower than that in orange carrots at the mature stage. Furthermore, red carrots accumulated larger amounts of lycopene and lower levels of α‐carotene. Sequence comparison and prokaryotic expression analysis revealed that amino acid differences in red carrots did not affect the cyclization function of DcLCYE. Analysis of the catalytic activity of DcLCYE revealed that it mainly formed ε‐carotene, while a side activity on α‐carotene and γ‐carotene was also observed. Comparative analysis of the promoter region sequences indicated that differences in the promoter region may affect the transcription of DcLCYE. DcLCYE was overexpressed in the red carrot ‘Benhongjinshi’ under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. Lycopene in transgenic carrot roots was cyclized, resulting in the accumulation of higher levels of α‐carotene and xanthophylls, while the β‐carotene content was significantly decreased. The expression levels of other genes in the carotenoid pathway were simultaneously upregulated. Knockout of DcLCYE in the orange carrot ‘Kurodagosun’ by CRISPR/Cas9 technology resulted in a decrease in the α‐carotene and xanthophyll contents. The relative expression levels of DcPSY1, DcPSY2, and DcCHXE were sharply increased in DcLCYE knockout mutants. The results of this study provide insights into the function of DcLCYE in carrots, which could serve as a basis for creating colorful carrot germplasms.

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Studies on the inheritance of root color and carotenoid content in red × yellow and red × white crosses of carrot, Daucus carota L.

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Tissue-specific accumulation of carotenoids in carrot roots

Tissue-specific accumulation of carotenoids in carrot roots

Telomere-to-telomere carrot (Daucus carota) genome assembly reveals carotenoid characteristics

Lycopene ε‐cyclase mediated transition of α‐carotene and β‐carotene metabolic flow in carrot fleshy root

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