Studies on the intrathecal humoral immune response in canine distemper encephalitis

Vandevelde, M.; Zurbriggen, Andreas; Steck, Andreas; Bichsel, P

doi:10.1016/0165-5728(86)90073-1

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It has been known for a long time that antiviral antibodies play a dominant role in immunity against CDV. In the CNS, only the humoral immune response against CDV has been investigated (Johnson et al, 1988;Vandevelde et al, 1986). The intrathecal immune response in distemper is characterized by infiltration of large numbers of plasma cells and strong antibody synthesis Vandevelde et al, 1981).…”

Section: 3 the Intrathecal Antiviral Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiology of canine distemper virus infection

Vandevelde

Zurbriggen

1995

Veterinary Microbiology

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Canine distemper virus (CDV) invades the nervous system and replicates in neurons and glial cell of the white matter during a period of severe viral induced immunosuppression. Demyelination occurs in infected white matter areas in the absence of inflammation. The mechanism of demyelination is not apparent because there is no ultrastructural evidence of viral replication in the oligodendrocytes, the myelin producing cells. However, brain tissue culture studies have shown that oligodendrocytes support transcription of all CDV genes and later on degenerate, although no viral proteins can be found in these cells. It remains to be shown how such a restricted infection leads to demyelination. Concomitant with immunologic recovery during the further course of the disease, inflammation occurs in the demyelinating lesions with progression of the lesions in some animals. A series of experiments in vitro suggested that chronic demyelination is due to a bystander mechanism associated with the virus-induced immune response in which antibody dependent cell-mediated reactions play an important role. The progressive, or even relapsing, course of the disease is associated with viral persistence in the nervous system. Persistence of CDV in the brain appears to be due to non-cytolytic selective spread of the virus with very limited budding. In this way CDV escaped immune surveillance.

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Section: 3 the Intrathecal Antiviral Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiology of canine distemper virus infection

Vandevelde

Zurbriggen

1995

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…The exact mechanism governing the eventual distribution of lesions and course of the disease in dogs with CD are unknown, but it is believed to be an interplay between virus factors and host immune factors that range from immunosuppression to autoimmunity. 20,32,35,38 Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) with CD virus usually results in polioencephalomyelopathy and high mortality in young (neonate) dogs, whereas older dogs infected with CD virus have lower mortality and principally develop leukoencephalomyelopathy.32 Dogs with CD-induced meningitis or myelitis are typically mature; however, in addition to signs of meningomyelitis (paraspinal discomfort and muscle rigidity, decreased vertebral mobility, and ataxia to paralysis), these dogs often have additional CNS dysfunctions (e.g., vestibular dysfunction, blindness).…”

Section: Canine Distempermentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelitis and Meningitis

Sorjonen

1992

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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Animals with meningomyelitis have clinical neurologic signs that typically range from paraspinal discomfort to tetraplegia; however, most affected animals also show evidence of multifocal CNS involvement with brain stem and cerebral cortical structures being affected most commonly. The cause, duration, and host response to the disease process will determine the clinical signs in individual animals. Confirmation of a specific causative agent is difficult, but CSF analysis and immunotesting of serum and CSF yield the most rewarding diagnostic results. Successful treatment is based on formulation of an appropriate and aggressive therapeutic regimen. In some diseases, no effective treatment is available, and some animals may develop permanent neurologic disabilities.

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“…6 In animals, the application of similar coefficients has been investigated but has not yet gained unequivocal acceptance. [7][8][9][10] Nephelometry is a preferred method for measuring CSF protein concentrations and establishing CSF/ serum quotients in people 11 ; to the authors' knowledge this method has not yet been used for protein measurement in cats and only a few studies have been published in dogs and horses. [12][13][14] Nephelometry is based on an optical detection system that measures the intensity of scattered light emanating from an illuminated volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%