Studies on the Measurement of Unpleasant Events and Relations with Depression

Lewinsohn, Peter M.; Talkington, Joseph

doi:10.1177/014662167900300110

Cited by 147 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These material concerns may lead to preoccupations with security that inhibit the spontaneity necessary for an active social life. These findings are consistent with the literature on the outlooks of depressed persons and their social relationships (Coyne, 1976;Lewinsohn & Talkington, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire.

Sarason¹,

Levine²,

Basham³

et al. 1983

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

2,460

1,445

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A measure of social support, the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), is described, and four empirical studies employing it are presented. The SSQ yields scores for (a) perceived number of social supports and (b) satisfaction with social support that is available. Three of the studies deal with the SSQ's psychometric properties, its correlations with measures of personality and adjustment, and the relation of the SSQ to positive and negative life changes. The fourth study is an experimental investigation of the relation between social support and persistence in working on a complex, frustrating task. The research reported suggests that the SSQ is a reliable instrument and that social support is (a) more strongly related to positive than negative life changes, (b) more related in a negative direction to psychological discomfort among women than men, and (c) an asset in enabling a person to persist at a task under frustrating conditions. Research and clinical implications are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire.

Sarason¹,

Levine²,

Basham³

et al. 1983

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

2,460

1,445

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pearlin and Schooler (1978) conducted a study of people ''engaged in very ordinary-indeed, required-pursuits'' (p. 123). Lewinsohn and Talkington (1979) constructed a 320-item daily unpleasant events scale.…”

Section: The Micro Level: Daily Hassles and Upliftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Concepts and Models of Family Stress

Malia

2006

Stress, Trauma, and Crisis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The article's purpose is to introduce the reader to key concepts and models of family stress that family scientists have identified and developed. I describe process models of individual and family stress. I provide definitions for critical concepts in family stress theory and research and introduce the work of a number of contributors to family stress theory development: Hill and other early theorists, Antonovsky, Boss, Burr, Patterson, and the McCubbins. Measurement of stressors is addressed by examining instruments commonly used to tap stressors at the (a) micro level (daily hassles and uplifts), (b) meso level (life events), and (c) macro level (traumatic life events). I also consider the use of multiple indicators of stressors. I conclude with a description of commonly used individual-and family-level stress manifestation measures and discuss salutogenic paradigms of health.

show abstract

“…For example, Kanner et al (1981) reported that an aggregated measure of daily hassles was a significant predictor of subsequent symptom levels. Like-wise, Lewinsohn and Talkington (1979) reported that unpleasant daily events experienced during the previous month were related moderately to depression symptomatology. Finally, DeLongis et at.…”

Section: Analytic Approaches To the Study Of Daily Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking person and context in the daily stress process.

Caspi¹,

Bolger²,

Eckenrode³

1987

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

156

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study we combined daily diary data with interview data to investigate individual differences in the impact of stressful daily events on mood. Using a sample of 96 women in an urban community, we examined perceived neighborhood quality and major life events as possibly potentiating the effects of stressful daily events, and we viewed social supports as potentially buffering this daily process. Results confirmed that the presence of chronic ecologic stress (neighborhood perceptions) exacerbated the immediate effects of stressful daily events on mood and also increased the likelihood of enduring effects of daily stressors on next day's mood. Contrary to expectations, previous exposure to major life events decreased the impact of stressful daily events. The availability of social supports, although not buffering the impact of stressful daily events on mood, did mitigate the enduring effects of these events on next day's mood. This study also presents a method for analyzing daily time-series data, while correcting for potential problems ofautocorrelated error terms. As such, this study represents a significant advance over previous analytic approaches to time-series data in the study of the stress process.Some days everything seems to go wrong, and by day's end, minor difficulties find their outlet in rotten moods. This basic feature of daily life is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers concerned with assessing the relation of environmental stressors to psychological distress. The recent emphasis on daily events is due, in part, to the extensive criticism directed at traditional approaches to the study of environmental stress.The major life events approach assumes that there is a temporal association between an increase in objective events such as divorce and unemployment, which disrupt an individual's usual activities, and the onset of psychological distress. This approach has been criticized from several fronts. The psychometric properties of life-event questionnaires are seldom adequate (Neugebauer, 1981); measures of undesirable life events and outcome criteria may be operationally confounded (Thoits, 1981); and the predictive validity of life event measures is, at best, moderate (Rabkin & Struening, 1976).In contrast to the major life events approach, stress researchers are increasingly attending to the ongoing stressors and strains that characterize everyday life and their relation to psychological functioning. Daily stressors range from the ordinary troubles of family life (e.g., the demands of children) to conflicts in the workplace (e.g., work overload) and aspects of the physi-

show abstract

Studies on the Measurement of Unpleasant Events and Relations with Depression

Cited by 147 publications

References 25 publications

Assessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire.

Assessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire.

Basic Concepts and Models of Family Stress

Linking person and context in the daily stress process.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About