Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Ionizing Radiations. V. The Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and of X-Ray Irradiated Sea Water on the Respiration of Sea Urchin Sperm and Eggs

Barrón, E. S. Guzmán; Flood, Veronica H.; Gasvoda, Betty

doi:10.2307/1538093

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nevertheless, irradiated spermatozoa are either altogether infertile or, if they retain the power to penetrate the ovum and effect syngamy, they are incapable of inducing normal development of the ovum owing to damaged chromatin. This conclusion is the outcome of extensive investigations on irradiated spermatozoa of several species, including sea-urchins (Henshaw, 1940;Barron, Gasvoda and Flood, 1949;Blum, 1951), frogs (Bardeen, 1907; Dalcq and Simon, 1931;Rugh, 1939), insects (Barth, 1929;Eker, 1937), rats (Henson, 1942;Fogg and Cowing, 1952), mice (Snell, 1935), rabbits (Asdell and Warren, 1931; Amoroso and Parkes, 1947;Murphree, Whitaker, Wilding and Rust, 1952), and fowl (Kosin, 1944). The irradiation of cock semen in vitro with X-ray doses up to 10,000 r has been shown by Kosin to have no detectable effect on the motility, respiration and anaerobic glycolysis, but the fertilizing capacity of these spermatozoa was markedly reduced already after exposure to 200 r, and was altogether destroyed after a dose of 5500 r. These results serve to underline the fact that sperm fertility may react to extraneous factors in a different manner from sperm motility and metabolism.…”

Section: Chemical Aspects Of Short-wave Radiationmentioning

confidence: 86%

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The biochemistry of semen

Mann¹

1954

246

141

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hen I took up my studies on semen in 1944, on behalf of the Agricultural Research Council, I became painfully aware of the fact that information on the physiology of semen, its chemical aspects in particular, is rather difficult to come by; the older observations and records being hidden away in books and journals not readily accessible in any but the best equipped libraries, and moreover, scattered throughout an exceptionally wide range of publications, which embrace disciplines as far apart as say, agriculture, urology and cytology. Judging from numerous requests for information, received from fellow workers in the field, biochemists, clinicians, zoologists and veterinary officers alike, the absence of a fairly comprehensive and up-to-date treatise on the chemical physiology of semen must have proved a serious handicap to many in their scientific and practical pursuits. Therefore, I accepted gladly the invitation to write this book; having agreed to produce but a 'little book', I have often found it rather irksome to condense the vast mass of data into the allotted space; had it not been for the encouragement and ready help of colleagues-my wife not least among them, the task would have been even more burdensome. Biochemistry of semen is a relatively modern, but rapidly expanding, field of physiology; consequently, many of our present views, particularly as regards the biological significance of various chemical constituents of semen, may have to be revised or modified in the near future. That being so, I like to look upon this book, or at any rate, those parts of it which deal with the newer, still fluid concepts, as something in the nature of an Interim Report, designed to furnish information and to convey ideas emerging from the state of knowledge as available at the time of writing, however imperfect that may be. In presenting the recently acquired evidence, I have tried to render justice to developments in the sphere of mammalian as vi The Biochemistry of Semen well as non-mammalian physiology, selecting examples from species as far apart as man and the sea-urchins, and occasionally, introducing plants as well. I have done my best to distinguish between established fact and tentative hypothesis, and, as far as possible, have refrained from the tendency, currently prevalent among workers in this field, to assign to every newly discovered chemical constituent of semen a major role in the process of fertilization. I wish to acknowledge gratefully the help of those who gave me permission to reproduce plates and figures. In particular 1 wish to extend my thanks to Dr.

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Section: Chemical Aspects Of Short-wave Radiationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…blood. Sea-urchin semen on the other hand, contains much more catalase (Evans, 1947;Rothschild, 1948cRothschild, , 1950cBarron, Gasvoda and Flood, 1949;Rybak and Gustafson, 1952).…”

Section: Catalasementioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemistry of semen

Mann¹

1954

246

141

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“…In some cases, H~O2 was demonstrated in the irradiated medium in concentrations sufficient to account for the observed toxicity (6,7). When this was not found to be the case, the formation of organic peroxides was postulated (8,9).…”

Section: E:]ect Of X-irradiated Salinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Hydrogen Peroxide to the Inhibition of the Glyoxalase Activity of Intact Erythrocytes by X-Radiation

Klebanoff

1958

The Journal of General Physiology

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The x-irradiation of a dilute suspension of erythrocytes results in a decrease in the glyoxalase activity of the cells as a result of a fall in the reduced glutathione level. The present paper deals with the possible role of H~O2 in this reaction.The addition of intact erythrocytes to physiological saline previously irradiated with 150,000 r or 225,000 r results in a fall in the glyoxalase activity of the ceils. The inhibition is prevented by thepreincubation of the irradiated saline with catahse and is reversed by the addition of plasma, glucose, adenosine, and inosine to the cell suspension.An inhibition of the glyoxalase activity is also produced by the addition of Hg)2 to the suspension of erythrocytes. The inhibitory effect of H202 can be prevented and largely reversed by plasma, glucose, adenosine, and inosine. Methylglyoxal is also protective under these conditions.Hydrogen peroxide formed continuously and in low concentrations by enzyme systems appears to be more effective than added H~3~ in inhibiting the glyoxalase system. The inhibition by H~)v-producing enzyme systems is minimized by the addition of catalase, plasma, glucose, methylglyoxal, and to a lesser extent, by adenosine and inosine, and is accentuated by the addition of sodium azide.The results are discussed in relation to the role of H~O~ and catalase in the toxicity of ionizing radiations.The formation of hydrogen peroxide by the irradiation of aqueous solutions has been observed repeatedly (1, 2) and the considerable influence of this substance on many biological systems has encouraged a great deal of speculation, and considerable experimentation towards elucidating the role, if any, of H~O9 in the toxicity of ionizing radiations. The glyoxalase activity of intact erythrocytes is inhibited by x-radiation largely as a result of a decrease in the reduced glutathione level of the cells (3).

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Metabolism of Spermatozoa

Salisbury¹,

Lodge²

1962

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

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Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Ionizing Radiations. V. The Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and of X-Ray Irradiated Sea Water on the Respiration of Sea Urchin Sperm and Eggs

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

The biochemistry of semen

The biochemistry of semen

The Relationship of Hydrogen Peroxide to the Inhibition of the Glyoxalase Activity of Intact Erythrocytes by X-Radiation

Metabolism of Spermatozoa

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