Studies on the Metabolism of Trichinella Spiralis Larvae

Stannard, J. N.; McCOY, O. R.; Latchford, W. B.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118420

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They are considerably lower than those reported for Ascaris (von Brand, 1934, Kruger, 1937 and also somewhat lower than those found in Trichinella larvae (Stannard, McCoy and Latchford, 1938). The worms were kept for 7 days in 1 per cent saline in an incubator at 37?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physiological Observations Upon a Larval Eustrongylides

Brand¹

1942

The Biological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…per gram per hour. In Table II (5) 4780 683000 284 7700 287 478000 3 The data of Stannard, McCoy and Latchford (1938) for oxygen consumption in saline have been used. (von Brand, 1938), yields a value of 0.56 cu.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Observations Upon a Larval Eustrongylides

Brand¹

1942

The Biological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Several examples can be cited to illustrate this point. Trichinella spiralis larvae surviving in vitro have a fermentative metabolism but their respiration is nevertheless extremely sensitive to cyanide, which also reversibly abolishes motility (Stannard, McCoy & Latchford, 1938). They possess the Krebs cycle enzymes, considerable cytochrome c, cytochrome oxidase, and succinoxidase activities (Agosin, 1956; Goldberg, 1957) and consume substantial quantities of oxygen.…”

Section: ( 2 ) Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Adaptation and Loss of Genetic Capacity in Helminth Parasites

Fairbairn

1970

Biological Reviews

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 1. Adaptation and loss of genetic capacity differ chiefly in that adaptation is goal‐ directed whereas loss of genetic capacity is not. Given sufficient information about an individual organism and its environment, adaptations are recognizable without reference to historical events extending beyond a single generation. This is not true of loss of genetic capacity, which requires a preliminary judgement that genetic information now absent was present in ancestral organisms. Together, adaptation and loss of genetic capacity are the major contributors to overall reproductive fitness. Accidental selection is genetically associated with adaptation, but is not goal‐directed. 2. Adaptations arevariant or invariant; invariant adaptations comprising biochemical unity, and variant adaptations contributing to biochemical diversity. Variant adaptations may be either exploitive or epigenetic. Exploitive adaptations are a measure of thegenetic capacity for phenotypic response to an altered environment, which the individual may not in fact encounter. Epigenetic adaptations are more rigidly programmed and are responsive to altered environments only insofar as these are a constant feature of the life cycle. 3. Selected observations in the biochemistry of helminth parasites are examined with respect to their interpretation in terms of adaptation, loss of genetic capacity and accidental selection. Secure judgements concerning adaptation are often possible at the most general level, i.e. when the physicochemical properties of the environment, such as temperature or oxygen supply, are clearly defined. I t is more difficult to make judgements concerning the specific mechanisms used in achieving these goals. Conclusions concerning loss of genetic capacity require knowledge of the specific function through‐out the life cycle. In many cases loss of genetic capacity is only apparent, as the function appears in another part of the life cycle. Such apparent losses are in reality epigenetic adaptations. These concepts are helpful in interpreting past work and in devising new experiments. 4. Development in helminth parasites includes a pronounced capacity for the orderly release of information to be used in the next stage. As each stage may require a radically different environment, programming for it may lead to phenomena which are superficially puzzling, such as the existence of aerobic electron transport systems in a stage whose energy metabolism is fermentative. The concept of epigenetic adaptation is especially useful for interpreting such observations. 5. Although possible adaptations are most readily apparent in biochemically complex mechanisms, these mechanisms are an expression of the orderly effects of many different primary gene products which have not been much studied. There are indications that organisms possessing relatively complex life cycles may provide opportunities for relating primary gene products, such as isozymes, to their physiological functions.

show abstract

“…It can be stated with some degree of certainty that some worms lead inside the host tissues a predominantly aerobic life. Stannard, McCoy and Latchford (1938) studied the metabolism of Trichinella larvae. They found a well developed aerobic metabolism though some anaerobic processes persist even at high oxygen tensions.…”

Section: (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the first group belong the following representatives of the various phyla: Peotozoa: almost all (Bledowski and Zweibaum, 1915;Lund, 1918;Amberson, 1928;Adolph, 1928;Baker and Baumberger, 1941); Coelen-TEKATEs: Pelmatohydra (Palmhert, 1933) and several jellyfish (Henze, 1910) ; Worms: planarians (Lund, 1921;Hyman, 1929;Buchanan, 1931); Tuhifex (Harnisch, 1935a), Branchiura (Kawaguti, 1936), Hinido (Lindeman, 1932), the larvae of Trichinella (Stannard, McCoy and Latchford, 1938), perhaps Nereis (Hyman, 1932) and the earthworm ( Konopacki, 1907 ;Dolk and van der Paauw, 1929;Thomas, 1935;Kriiger, 1940;Kriiger and Becker, 1940) ; Echixodeems: the eggs of various forms, (Henze, 1910;Tang, 1931;Tang and Gerard, 1932) and the holothurian Thyone (Hiestand, 1940); Molluscs: some marine snails and some fresh-water and marine lamellibranchs (Henze, 1910; Moore, Edie, Whitley and Dakin, 1912;Dakin and Catherine, 1925;Eaffy, 1933;Thamdrup, 1935), as well as the cephalopods (Henze, 1910 ; Amberson, Mayerson and Scott, 1925) ; Aetheopods : many crustaceans (Henze, 1910;Marshall, NichoUs and Orr, 1935 ;HeM, 1928 ;Kalmus, 1930 ;Maloeuf, 1937 ; Weymouth, Crimson, Hall, Belding and Field, 1944), the developmental stages and adults of insects (Gaarder, 1918;von Buddenbrock and von Rohr, 1922;…”

Section: Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobiosis in invertebrates

Brand¹

1946

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on the Metabolism of Trichinella Spiralis Larvae

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological Observations Upon a Larval Eustrongylides

Physiological Observations Upon a Larval Eustrongylides

Biochemical Adaptation and Loss of Genetic Capacity in Helminth Parasites

Anaerobiosis in invertebrates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About