Studies on the mode of action of glucocorticoids in rats I. Early effects of cortisol on blood glucose and on glucose entry into muscle, liver and adiposèttissue

Munck, Allan; Koritz, Seymour B.

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(62)91124-1

Cited by 136 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition to their immune-modulatory properties, glucocorticoids play a pivotal role in many essential biological processes, including stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis [25][26][27][28][29]. The physiological actions of glucocorticoids are determined by binding and activating the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Gene Expression Analysis in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells Defines New Targets of Glucocorticoid and Estradiol Antagonism1

Whirledge

Cidlowski

2013

Biology of Reproduction

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In preparation for embryo implantation and pregnancy, the uterine epithelium undergoes a genomic and biological transition that mediates adhesion and invasion of the blastocyst. These events resemble an inflammatory response, and the immune system likely takes an active role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Although glucocorticoids are primary mediators of the immune system, the functional role of glucocorticoid signaling in the uterine epithelium is not well defined. To investigate the dynamic relationship between glucocorticoids and reproductive hormones, we performed whole-genome microarray analysis in a human uterine endometrial cancer cell line (ECC1 cells) treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) alone or in combination with estradiol (E₂). Over 10,000 genes were significantly regulated in the presence of Dex and/or E₂. Surprisingly, unique targets of Dex and E₂ together represented the largest group of regulated genes. Ingenuity pathway analysis found both overlapping and independent regulated networks for each hormone. Several hundred genes were found to be coregulated by Dex and E₂, including several that were antagonistically regulated. The effects of glucocorticoids and E₂ are mediated primarily through the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and estrogen receptor (ESR1), respectively. In silico promoter analysis revealed that NR3C1 and ESR1 response elements are enriched in antagonistically regulated genes, and signaling through these receptors was required for antagonism. Glucocorticoid and E₂ antagonism of target genes may represent a critical junction between the immune system and female reproductive system. Moreover, identification and ontology analysis of glucocorticoid-regulated genes in a uterine epithelial-like cell line suggests that glucocorticoid signaling regulates important biological functions, including immune cell trafficking and embryonic development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Gene Expression Analysis in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells Defines New Targets of Glucocorticoid and Estradiol Antagonism1

Whirledge

Cidlowski

2013

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Corticosteroids have been shown to inhibit glucose uptake by various tissues [11] but an effect on the fetus does not appear to have been reported previously. It has been concluded from various data that, normally, maternal corticosteroids do not affect fetal growth directly, whereas maternal blood glucose is the most critical factor [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…1). This is attributed to the known effects of corticosteroids on the peripheral utilization of glucose by maternal tissues [11] which would result in relatively more glucose being available to the fetus. The specific activity of maternal blood glucose did not differ among the 3 strains, nor at various doses of dexamétha sone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dexamethasone caused death of fetuses after injection of mothers of A/J and SWV strains with a total dosage (11) ( 9 ) ( 9 ) Figure 1 shows the dose-response relationship between dexa méthasone and the incorporation of labelled glucose into fetuses of the A/J strain. The response is logarithmic over the range investigated and shows two effects.…”

Section: R E Su Ltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition by Corticosteroids of Glucose Incorporation into Fetuses of Several Strains of Mouse

Wong¹,

Burton²

1971

Neonatology

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“…Glucocorticoid hormones influence physiological processes such as lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, lactate release from muscles (Neave, 2008) and increases in blood glucose concentration (Munck and Koritz, 1962). Glucocorticoids are involved in adjusting physiological process in response to environmental cues particularly in animals that undergo seasonal changes as part of their life history, such as migration, breeding and hibernation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming ability in sea turtle hatchlings: a comparison between species

Pereira¹

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After emerging from the nest, hatchling sea turtles leave their nests and head towards the surf. When reaching the water, they immediately engage in a frantic swim commonly known as the 'swimming frenzy', which lasts between 24 to 48 h. During this period, hatchlings rely solely on their yolk reserves as their energy supply to reach oceanic currents that will transport them to distant foraging grounds, where they remain until returning as immature sub-adults. Previous work has found that swimming effort of hatchling sea turtles during the swimming frenzy varies across species. However, detailed information about the changes in powerstroke and dogpaddling rates during the frenzy an energetic point of view, during the first crucial moments of their off-shore dispersal. I also established a cross-species comparison, in order to understand if differences in life history strategies contribute to the energetics of swimming of this phase. I found that aerobic metabolic rate and swim thrust in these three species decreased sharply during the first 2 hours of swimming, followed by a less sharp decrease until 12 hours. After 12h of swimming, swimming effort and oxygen consumption remained constant at lower levels until the end of the trial (18h). Overall oxygen consumption rates and thrust production was higher in green turtles, followed by loggerhead turtles with flatback turtles being the least vigorous swimmers. Although the same three-phase swimming pattern was identified in each species, flatback hatchling swimming effort decreased at a higher rate.Furthermore, the swimming efficiency of flatback hatchlings started decreasing after 6 hours of swimming, whereas it kept increasing in loggerhead and green turtle hatchlings.When analysing the factors that produce swim thrust in detail, green and loggerhead turtle hatchlings had similar power stroke rates and proportion of time spent power stroking, but the mean maximum thrust, and therefore overall thrust, was greater in green turtles.Flatback hatchlings, on the other hand, had overall lower values in all three components compared to green and loggerhead turtles, particularly in the proportion o f t i me spent power stroking. These results suggest that flatback turtles have a less intense swimming 3 frenzy, both in duration and distance of dispersal, which might be related to their restricted geographic distribution and to the absence of a pan-oceanic pelagic phase in their life cycle.The earliest stages of the frenzy swim are powered by both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways. Analysis of changes in the concentration of blood lactate, glucose and corticosterone during the first four hours of swimming revealed a similar pattern in loggerhead and flatback turtle hatchlings. In these two species, blood lactate, glucose and corticosterone concentrations started high at crawling and progressively decreased over time. The pattern of green turtle hatchlings, however, appears to be different, with blood lactate and glucose concentrations peaking after 2 h of swimm...

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Studies on the mode of action of glucocorticoids in rats I. Early effects of cortisol on blood glucose and on glucose entry into muscle, liver and adiposèttissue

Cited by 136 publications

References 20 publications

Global Gene Expression Analysis in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells Defines New Targets of Glucocorticoid and Estradiol Antagonism1

Global Gene Expression Analysis in Human Uterine Epithelial Cells Defines New Targets of Glucocorticoid and Estradiol Antagonism1

Inhibition by Corticosteroids of Glucose Incorporation into Fetuses of Several Strains of Mouse

Swimming ability in sea turtle hatchlings: a comparison between species

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