Studies on the North Korean Strain of Plasmodium vivax in Aotus Monkeys and Different Anophelines

Collins, William E.; Skinner, Jimmie C.; Krotoski, Wojciech A.; Cogswell, Frank B.; Gwadz, Robert W.; Broderson, J. Roger; F., N. S.; Mehaffey, Philip; Sutton, Bettye B.

doi:10.2307/3281972

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The North Korean strain has a long relapse phenotype that enables it to survive in the primate host through periods of drought and long winters when mosquito vectors for transmission are unavailable 26 . The Brazil I strain is highly resistant to the anti-relapse drug primaquine 23 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax exhibits greater genetic diversity than Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2012

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We sequenced and annotated the genomes of four Plasmodium vivax strains collected from disparate geographical locations, tripling the number of genome sequences available for this understudied parasite and providing the first genome-wide perspective of global variability within this species. We observe approximately twice as much SNP diversity among these isolates as we do among a comparable collection of isolates of Plasmodium falciparum, a malaria parasite that causes higher mortality. This indicates a distinct history of global colonization and/or a more stable demographic history for P. vivax than P. falciparum, which is thought to have undergone a recent population bottleneck. The SNP diversity, as well as additional microsatellite and gene family variability, suggests the capacity for greater functional variation within the global population of P. vivax. These findings warrant a deeper survey of variation in P. vivax to equip disease interventions targeting the distinctive biology of this neglected but major pathogen.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax exhibits greater genetic diversity than Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2012

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“…Although Aotus monkeys are usually less susceptible to infection via sporozoite inoculation, many strains of this parasite have been adapted to develop in Aotus monkeys. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Further studies to assess the efficacy of yP 2 P 30 Pv200 19 and other blood-stage candidate vaccines may better be conducted in Aotus monkeys using a strain of P. vivax shown to induce predictably high-density parasitemia in intact animals. Attempts will be made to establish such a model using strains of the parasite already adapted to monkeys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the efficacy of a recombinant merozoite surface protein (MSP-1(19) of Plasmodium vivax in Saimiri boliviensis monkeys.

Collins

Kaslow²,

Sullivan³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Saimiri boliviensis monkeys were immunized with the yeast-expressed recombinant protein yP 2 P 30 Pv200 19 . The antigen consisted of the C-terminus (amino acid Asn 1622 -Ser 1729 ) of the merozoite surface protein 1 of the Plasmodium vivax Salvador I strain. Two universal T helper cell epitopes (P 2 and P 30 ) of tetanus toxin and six histidine residues for purification purposes were attached to the N-and C-termini, respectively. Four groups of five monkeys were given three immunizations at four-week intervals with either 250 g of yP 2 P 30 Pv200 19 formulated with nonionic block copolymer P1005, 250 g of antigen adsorbed to alum, 250 g of antigen in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or PBS alone. Five weeks after the last immunization, each animal was inoculated with 100,000 parasitized erythrocytes of the Salvador I strain of P. vivax. Animals were splenectomized one week after challenge to increase parasite densities; after seven weeks of infection, animals were treated. Eighteen weeks later, the animals were rechallenged with the homologous parasite. Following the first challenge, three monkeys immunized with the antigen with P1005 were protected; no animals were protected from rechallenge. One monkey immunized with yP 2 P 30 Pv200 19 with alum was protected; no protection was seen after rechallenge. Two monkeys immunized with antigen alone were protected; none were protected from rechallenge. One control animal had a low parasite count following primary infection; none were protected against rechallenge. Adverse reactions were only observed with animals receiving P1005. It is proposed that splenectomy of the monkeys prevented adequate assessment of the efficacy of this antigen. Identification of a monkey host that supports high density parasitemia without splenectomy appears needed before further testing of blood-stage vaccines against P. vivax.Procedures are being developed and evaluated for the testing of different synthetic peptide and recombinant protein vaccines in animals susceptible to infection with different species of Plasmodium. A model system has been developed for the testing of vaccines directed against the sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax using the Salvador I strain of the parasite and the nonhuman primate model of Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In previous trials, immunized animals were challenged with 10,000 or more sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes, and the animals were splenectomized one week after challenge to increase parasitemia. Infection rate was highly predictable, but prepatent periods varied markedly.Our present study was designed to determine if this model system could be used to test the efficacy of a recombinant vaccine directed against the merozoite surface protein (MSP-1 19 ) of P. vivax. To increase uniformity of parasitemia, all animals were challenged by the intravenous inoculation of parasitized erythrocytes. All animals were splenectomized seven or eight days after challenge. Included in the trial were ...

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“…All isolates carry the same pre-repeat sequences [14] and harbor a 36-bp post-repeat insert (GGNAANKKAEDA) [12][13][14]. Both of these characteristics were previously observed in P. vivax isolates from North Korea and China (CH2-7) [31,32]. In the post-repeat region, the only difference between 2 Korean genotypes is the presence of 3 additional tandem copies of a 4 amino-acid sequences (GGNA) found in the SKA (or KPVC-SP96-6) allele and 2 copies in the SKB (or KPVCSP96-11) allele.…”

Section: Cspmentioning

confidence: 67%

Genetic Characteristics of Polymorphic Antigenic Markers among Korean Isolates of Plasmodium vivax

2009

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The high levels of antigenic polymorphism found in most P. vivax parasites indicate the development of sophisticated evasion of the human immune system [8]. Detailed knowledge of this genetic variation and comparisons of inter-and intra-speciesspecific levels of gene variation will both resolve epidemiological questions about parasite origin and provide tools with which to design an effective vaccine. Polymorphic repetitive sequences, Genetic Characteristics of Polymorphic Antigenic Markers among Korean Isolates of Plasmodium vivaxKorean J Parasitol. Vol. 47, Supplement: S51-S58, October 2009 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2009 Abstract: Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan malaria parasite of humans, represents a major public health concern in the Republic of Korea (= South Korea). However, little is known about the genetic properties and population structures of the P. vivax isolates circulating in South Korea. This article reviews known polymorphic genetic markers in South Korean isolates of P. vivax and briefly summarizes the current issues surrounding the gene and population structures of this parasite. The critical genetic characteristics of major antigens of the parasite, such as circumsporozoite protein (CSP), merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) and MSP-3, Duffy binding protein (DBP), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), and GAM-1, are also discussed.

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Studies on the North Korean Strain of Plasmodium vivax in Aotus Monkeys and Different Anophelines

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax exhibits greater genetic diversity than Plasmodium falciparum

The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax exhibits greater genetic diversity than Plasmodium falciparum

Testing the efficacy of a recombinant merozoite surface protein (MSP-1(19) of Plasmodium vivax in Saimiri boliviensis monkeys.

Genetic Characteristics of Polymorphic Antigenic Markers among Korean Isolates of Plasmodium vivax

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