Studies on the Pathogenesis of Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis in Chickens. I. Effect of Stress on Experimentally Induced Osteomyelitis

Mutalib, Ahmed; Riddell, C; Ad, Osborne

doi:10.2307/1590379

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Interestingly, after intravenous inoculation of S. aureus to 29-day-old birds, lameness was generally observed after 2 days but birds could survive for up to a further 6 days . After intravenous inoculation of 26 groups of 45-day-old birds with S. aureus, Mutalib et al (1983a) found that clinical signs followed a similar pattern in all groups, with ruffled feathers, reluctance to walk, heads down, closed eyes, birds sitting on their hocks, and weak response to external stimuli. A sharp decrease in feed and water intake ensued, and death usually followed 2 to 5 days after the first appearance of signs (depending on the dose of inoculum).…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC) is an important cause of lameness and of carcase condemnations in turkeys in the US (Bayyari et al, 1994). The pathogenesis of the condition in turkeys appears to be very similar to that in chickens, although TOC is associated with green livers in turkeys, but not in chickens (Mutalib et al, 1983a). Osteomyelitis caused by S. aureus is also a significant disease of children (Ish-Horowitz et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis ('femoral head necrosis') of broiler chickens: A review

McNamee¹,

Smyth²

2000

Avian Pathology

140

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Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in chickens was first reported in 1972 and is now recognized as an important cause of lameness in broiler chickens. Recent systematic studies of causes of lameness in birds reared in Northern Ireland have shown that it was the most common cause of lameness, being present in 17.3% of lame birds. Furthermore, it was also detected in birds presented as "found dead". Overall losses in male birds due to BCO were estimated to be 0.75% of all birds placed, which, in addition to welfare concerns, represents considerable economic loss. The disease has been seen in birds ranging from 14 to 70 days of age, but most cases occurred around 35 days old. It is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, but Escherichia coli, coagulase-negativ e staphylococci and Enterococcus spp. are sometimes involved, as are, rarely, other bacteria. The lesions are most commonly found associated with the growth plates of long bones, particularly the proximal growth plate of the femur and tibiotarsus, but other bones may also be affected. Since lesions were visible to the naked eye in only 40 to 67% of cases, histological examination is recommended where no lesions are visible macroscopically. As the lesion may be present in only one growth plate, and because histological examination is often not carried out, BCO is almost certainly underdiagnosed. The exact pathogenesis of the condition is unknown, but it is thought that adherence of blood-borne bacteria to exposed cartilage at the tips of metaphyseal blood vessels is fundamental. Under controlled experimental conditions, infection of birds with the immunosuppressive viruses chicken anaemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus increased the incidence of the disease, while restricting feed intake reduced the incidence of disease. S. aureus strains identical to, or closely related to, isolates recovered from naturally occurring cases of the disease (as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) have been recovered from fluff-debris in hatcheries, and also from the environment of breeding flocks, indicating that infection in the breeding farm and in the hatchery could be an important source of infection. It has also been shown that humans can carry poultry strains of S. aureus on their hands. There is a higher incidence of BCO in birds hatched from floor eggs. Thus, hygiene and management practice on breeder farms and in the hatchery may influence the occurrence of the disease. Bacteraemia is a prerequisite for BCO. Indeed, in some flocks suffering losses due to BCO, there are also losses due to staphylococcal septicaemia. Thus, appropriate treatment of affected flocks should reduce losses due to septicaemia. It should also reduce the occurrence of bacteraemia and the development of further cases of BCO. However, birds in which BCO has already developed, are unlikely to respond to treatment. Control of BCO by vaccination seems unlikely in the short term. Simple bacterins have not been effective and much basic research is needed to i...

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Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis ('femoral head necrosis') of broiler chickens: A review

McNamee¹,

Smyth²

2000

Avian Pathology

140

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show abstract

“…The lesions did not resemble primary bacterial osteomyelitis as described by Mutalib et al (1983), so the bacteria in the necrotic debris were probably secondary. Necrosis at the apex of dyschondroplastic cartilage in 4-to 5-week-old broiler chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia has been reported (Randall and Mills 1981) but is quite distinct from the lesions in the cases we have described.…”

Section: Fig 3 Proximal Tibiotarsus Showing Marked Lymphoid Hyperplmentioning

confidence: 69%

A syndrome of pathological fractures in the proximal tibiotarsi of white leghorn x new hampshire pullets

Reece¹,

Dickson²

1986

Avian Pathology

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“…Macroscopic lesions in brain tissues following the injection of partridges were mostly inapparent, but the histopathological examination of the brain tissue revealed congestion and thrombosis. Experimentally induced staphylococcosis as well as naturally occurring disease have been reported in chickens (Mutalib et al 1983a, McNamee et al 2000, Jiang et al 2015, turkeys (Linares et al 2001, Corrand et al 2012, pet birds (Briscoe et al 2008, Huynh et al 2014, Iverson et al 2015, birds of prey (Poorbaghi et al 2012, Bezjian 2014, waterfowl (Degernes et al 2011, Mondal et al 2014, and other avian species (Lemon et al 2012). The pathogenesis of systemic infection with Staphylococcus aureus in chukar partridge chicks is not clearly defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic staphylococcosis in partridge chicks

Tavakkoli¹,

Kheirandish²,

Ghanbarpoor³

et al. 2016

EurasianJVetSci

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Studies on the Pathogenesis of Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis in Chickens. I. Effect of Stress on Experimentally Induced Osteomyelitis

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis ('femoral head necrosis') of broiler chickens: A review

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis ('femoral head necrosis') of broiler chickens: A review

A syndrome of pathological fractures in the proximal tibiotarsi of white leghorn x new hampshire pullets

Systemic staphylococcosis in partridge chicks

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