Studies on the pathogenesis of bovine ephemeral fever IV: A comparison with the inflammatory events in milk fever of cattle

George, T. D. St.; Murphy, G. M.; Burren, BG; Uren, M. F.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(95)00078-o

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hematologic changes that are often observed in affected animals include transient leucopenia and neutrophilic leukocytosis, decrease in blood serum calcium and increase in plasma fibrinogen, all of which should be taken into account when developing strategies for treatment [8][9][10]. Infected animals also show lifelong immunity [11,12], and the best confirmatory diagnostic test is the isolation of the bovine ephemeral fever virus during the fever phase [3,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of bovine ephemeral fever outbreak during 2013, in Qazvin Province, Iran

Mirzaie¹,

Bahonar²,

Mehrabadi³

et al. 2017

APJTD

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of bovine ephemeral fever outbreak during 2013, in Qazvin Province, Iran

Mirzaie¹,

Bahonar²,

Mehrabadi³

et al. 2017

APJTD

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“…A new line of evidence suggests the involvement of immune‐mediated biochemical changes in the development of spontaneous MF cases in dairy cows. For example, 2 separate studies reported that inflammatory conditions were associated with significantly decreased levels of plasma Ca in cows affected by MF . In addition, one of these studies reported signs of ruminal stasis in sick cows, as well as increased body temperature and increased blood concentrations of prostaglandin and endotoxin, while serum concentrations of Ca, zinc, iron (Fe), and bile acids were decreased .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endotoxin is a cell‐wall component of all gram‐negative bacteria with immunogenic properties, which has been measured in the blood of cows in response to common infectious diseases, like mastitis or metritis, and in few cases during rumen acidosis . Moreover, it was suggested that inflammation may not only be involved in the development of MF but could also contribute to the severity of disease …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripartal alterations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide and minerals in dairy cows affected by milk fever

Zebeli

Beitz

Bradford

et al. 2013

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Despite the limited number of cows evaluated, this report is the first to indicate lowered concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide as part of the metabolic changes during milk fever in cows. Further work with a larger cohort of animals is warranted to understand the precise role of calcitonin gene-related peptide and the potential associations with disturbances in plasma minerals typically observed during milk fever.

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“…. The disease in cattle is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Australia, and Africa (Davies et al, 1990;St George et al, 1995;Walker and Klement, 2015), but has never been reported in North America, South America, Europe, nor in the Pacific islands (St George et al, 1995;Walker and Klement, 2015). Typically, clinical BEF is characterised by short-lived transient symptoms that include but are not limited to polyphasic fever, somnolence, synovitis, lameness, muscle stiffness and disinclination to move, as well as inappetence (Basson et al, 1970;Mackerras, 1940;St George, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the transient nature of the fever and other clinical signs, the disease in cattle is also referred to as "three-day sickness" in Australia and Africa, and "bovine epizootic fever" in Japan . In a minority of BEFV-infected cattle, the disease is also characterised by paresis and/or paralysis (Basson et al, 1970;Nadi and Negi, 1999;St George et al, 1995;Young and Spradbrow, 1990a) often requiring euthanasia. These authors also indicate that a very small percentage of affected cattle may suddenly die.…”

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confidence: 99%

A study of viral tissue tropism and cytokine expression in Bovine Ephemeral Fever

Barigye¹

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While the clinical and pathological aspects of Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) have been studied in cattle, major gaps still remain in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, the cytokine networks that underlie fever and inflammation during acute BEF, and mechanisms that mediate the nascent adaptive immune response have not been empirically defined. In addition, the potential in vivo replication sites of BEFV, and the mechanistic events that underlie the paresis and chronic paralysis in some field BEF cases have also not been defined. The objectives of this research were: (1) to characterise the plasma kinetics of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and IL-10 during natural BEFV infections in cattle; (2) to evaluate the plasma kinetics of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 during the period of innate-immune response transition; and (3) to determine the overall tissue tropism and potential replication sites, along with assessing the likelihood of neurotropism of BEFV in naturally infected cattle. For the cytokine expression studies, experiments were carried out on two different cohorts of animals raised at two farms at different time points. Briefly, plasma from three BEFV-infected and three uninfected cattle was tested by cytokine-specific cELISA, viraemia monitored by qRT-PCR, and virus neutralising antibody titres determined using a standard protocol. Similarly, plasma from another four virus-infected and uninfected negative control animals was tested for the four study cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10), and viraemia and virus neutralising antibody titres determined. Biological specimens from nine adult cattle that died or were euthanised at different time points following natural BEFV infections were tested for viral antigen and RNA by IHC and qRT-PCR, respectively. In addition, virus isolation in autogenously derived splenic and haemal node cultures, and electron microscopic examination of ultrathin ii sections from various tissues taken from the steer necropsied seven days after BEF diagnosis were performed. For the neurotropism studies, fresh brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and other tissues were collected from four paralysed and six asymptomatic but virus-infected cattle and tested for viral RNA by qRT-PCR.Formalin-fixed tissues were routinely evaluated for histomorphological lesions and for viral antigen presence and distribution by IHC. Unlike the negative controls, plasma concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were consistently increased in the three virus-infected animals. Two of these heifers were recumbent and pyrexic on the first day of monitoring and increased cytokine production was already in progress by the time viraemia was detected in all the three infected animals. In all the virus-infected heifers, IL-1β was the most strongly expressed cytokine, IL-6 and IL-10 manifested intermediate plasma concentrations while TNF-α was the least expressed and demonstrated bi-phasic peaks three and five days after the onset of pyrexia. In two of the BEFV-...

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Studies on the pathogenesis of bovine ephemeral fever IV: A comparison with the inflammatory events in milk fever of cattle

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Determinants of bovine ephemeral fever outbreak during 2013, in Qazvin Province, Iran

Determinants of bovine ephemeral fever outbreak during 2013, in Qazvin Province, Iran

Peripartal alterations of calcitonin gene‐related peptide and minerals in dairy cows affected by milk fever

A study of viral tissue tropism and cytokine expression in Bovine Ephemeral Fever

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