Studies on the Pathogenicity, Morphology, and Cytology of Nematospora Phaseoli

Wingard, S. A.

doi:10.2307/2479957

Cited by 17 publications

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“…agglomerans and N. coryli more prone to lodge on inner surfaces of the rostrum and the head. For instance, P. agglomerans possesses peritrichous flagella (Atlas, 1988), and is motile (Medrano & Bell, 2007), whereas N. coryli has a flagella‐like appendage (Wingard, 1925). Whether insect morphological characteristics influence colonization of the pathogens in the rostrum and the head of N. viridula remains to be seen, and is a potential avenue of study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of selected pathogens of cotton within the southern green stink bug

Esquivel

Medrano

2011

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), are pests of cotton recently shown to ingest, retain, and introduce some pathogens of cotton into bolls. The objective of this study was to determine where pathogen colonization occurs in N. viridula after ingestion. Laboratory‐reared adult N. viridula were fed sterile green beans soaked in water (control) or beans previously soaked in a suspension of one of three opportunistic bacterial pathogens [Pantoea agglomerans (Ewing & Fife), Pantoea ananatis (Serrano) Truper & De’Clari, or Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schroeter)] or a yeast [Nematospora coryli (Peglion)]. The insect rostrum, head, and alimentary canal were subsequently processed to determine the presence of pathogenic organisms. Overall, the alimentary canal exhibited significantly more bacterial colony forming units per g tissue (mean ± SEM = 4 806.3 ± 397.2) than the head (443.4 ± 397.2) and rostrum (46.0 ± 397.2); concentrations in the head and rostrum did not differ significantly. All four pathogens were detected in the alimentary canal, but only P. agglomerans and N. coryli were detected in the rostrum and head. Although P. ananatis and K. pneumoniae were only detected in the alimentary canal, their ranges of concentrations were similar to those of P. agglomerans and N. coryli in this tissue. Non‐selective media indicated that other bacterial fauna was also detected in all study insects. Thus, N. viridula does not discriminate with regard to ingestion of pathogens. The observed distribution pattern of tested bacteria and yeast in certain tissues of N. viridula clarifies the propensity for transmission of P. agglomerans and N. coryli. Results are discussed in relation to future research avenues examining selective colonization of certain pathogens and frequency of host infection by adults harboring the pathogenic organisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of selected pathogens of cotton within the southern green stink bug

Esquivel

Medrano

2011

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…The phytopathogenic genera Ashbya, Eremothecium, Holleya and Nematospora are specifically associated with heteropterous insects (bugs) of the genera Acrosternum, Antestia, Antestiopsis, Apodiphus, Brachynema, Callidea, Cappaea, Euschistus, Nezara, Oebalus, Rhynchocoris, Thyanta (family Pentatomidae), Aspilocoryphus, Lygeaus, Nysius (family Lygaeidae), Dysdercus, Odontopus (family Pyrrhocoridae), Helopeltis, Lygus (family Miridae), Leptoglossus (family Alydidae) and Phthia (family Coreidae; Wingard, 1925;Batra, 1973;Ershad and Barkhordary, 1974;Burgess and McKenzie, 1991). The polyphagous insect vectors and the fungi attack hosts from widely separated families of the angiosperms (Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Betulaceae, Bombacaceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Vitaceae, Zygophyllaceae).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the fossil record, the Heteroptera can be traced back to the upper Permian (Hennig, 1969;Carpenter and Burnham, 1985;Sorensen et al, 1995). For the evolution of saprophytic unicellular Saccharomyces species it may be of interest that all the filamentous or dimorphic phytopathogenic species have fruits or seeds as their natural habitat (Wingard, 1925;Batra, 1973;Ershad and Barkhordary, 1974;Holley et al, 1984). There is only one report where N. coryli could be isolated from leaves as well (Ershad and Barkhordary, 1974).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytopathogenic Filamentous (Ashbya, Eremothecium) and Dimorphic Fungi (Holleya, Nematospora) with Needle-shaped Ascospores as New Members Within the Saccharomycetaceae

Prillinger

Schweigkofler

Breitenbach

et al. 1997

Yeast

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Phylogenetic relationships between species from the genera Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces and representatives of the Metschnikowiaceae (Holleya, Metschnikowia, Nematospora) including the two filamentous phytopathogenic fungi Ashbya gossypii and Eremothecium ashbyii were studied by comparing the monosaccharide pattern of purified cell walls, the ubiquinone system, the presence of dityrosine in ascospore walls, and nucleotide sequences of ribosomal DNA (complete 18S rDNA, ITS1 and ITS2 region). Based on sequence information from both ITS regions, the genera Ashbya, Eremothecium, Holleya and Nematospora are closely related and may be placed in a single genus as suggested by Kurtzman (1995; J. Industr. Microbiol. 14, 523–530). In a phylogenetic tree derived from the ITS1 and ITS2 region as well as in a tree derived from the complete 18S rDNA gene, the genus Metschnikowia remains distinct. The molecular evidence from ribosomal sequences suggests that morphology and ornamentation of ascospores as well as mycelium formation and fermentation should not be used as differentiating characters in family delimitation. Our data on cell wall sugars, ubiquinone side chains, dityrosine, and ribosomal DNA sequences support the inclusion of plant pathogenic, predominantly filamentous genera like Ashbya and Eremothecium or dimorphic genera like Holleya and Nematospora with needle‐shaped ascospores within the family Saccharomycetaceae. After comparison of sequences from the complete genes of the 18S rDNA the genus Kluyveromyces appears heterogeneous. The type species of the genus, K. polysporus is congeneric with the genus Saccharomyces. The data of Cai et al. (1996; Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46, 542–549) and our own data suggest to conserve the genus Kluyveromyces for a clade containing K. marxianus, K. dobzhanskii, K. wickerhamii and K. aestuarii, which again can be included in the family Saccharomycetaceae. The phylogenetic age of the Metschnikowiaceae and Saccharomycetaceae will be discussed in the light of coevolution. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Artificial parasites. Some natural saprophytes, like physiological forms of Alternaria tenuis, cause cellular diseases of seedlings inoculated in test tubes, and leaf spots in leaves inoculated under shaded bell jars (Young,34,35,3 6 (Wingard,32). (c) Soil-inhabiting parasites like Actinomyces, Pythium and Rhizoctonia which may enter their hosts through tuber lenticels and the natural wounds caused by the development of branch roots.…”

Section: E Facultative Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Plants on the Basis of Parasitism

Young

1927

American Journal of Botany

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The rapidly expanding field of plant parasitology increases the need of a classification of parasites. It is hoped that this attempt to classify some of the categories of parasites will be of value in the consideration and teaching of plant pathology. The necessity for securing greater clearness of understanding and description of parasitism is the purpose of this compilation. The interrelationships of organisms, including parasites, are considered by McDougall (16) to be forms of symbiosis.Parasites which cause hyperplasia, hypertrophy and fasciations, and the fungi which cause animal diseases, exhibit numerous physiological adaptations. Parasites penetrate their hosts through stomata or wounds or by haustoria forced through the cuticles. After entering, parasites occupy subcuticular, tracheal, parenchymatous, intercellular, intracellular and other positions. These various characteristics of parasites are not used as a basis of classification in the present paper.Parasites are here grouped according to analogies in their life cycles and in the type and degree of their parasitism; phylogeny is not considered.

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Studies on the Pathogenicity, Morphology, and Cytology of Nematospora Phaseoli

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Localization of selected pathogens of cotton within the southern green stink bug

Localization of selected pathogens of cotton within the southern green stink bug

Phytopathogenic Filamentous (Ashbya, Eremothecium) and Dimorphic Fungi (Holleya, Nematospora) with Needle-shaped Ascospores as New Members Within the Saccharomycetaceae

Classification of Plants on the Basis of Parasitism

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