Studies on the Pollination Ecology of Tipularia Discolor (Orchidaceae)

Whigham, Dennis F.; McWethy, Margaret

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1980.tb07683.x

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…discolor is a common wintergreen orchid in deciduous and coniferous forests throughout most of eastern North America. It is found from southern Missouri east to Massachusetts and south to Texas and Florida (Whigham and McWethy 1980;Brown 1998;Catling and Sheviak 2002).…”

Section: Distribution and Habitatmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The stalk in Tipularia is a unique type of unrecurved stipe derived through elongation and detachment of the rostellum (Freudenstein 1994a). The stigma is sticky, entire, and located behind the anther (Whigham and McWethy 1980). The flowers produce a perceptible, nocturnal fragrance (Stoutamire 1978), which Schnell (1997, p. 438) described as "a very faint or citronella odor."…”

Section: Floral Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a later 2-year study at the same site, reported a similar level of fruit set with 47-89% of artificially cross-pollinated flowers developing capsules. Whigham and McWethy (1980) found a large, night-flying, noctuid moth, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) (Fig. 6.4), to be the sole pollinator of T. discolor at their Maryland study site.…”

Section: Floral Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The flowers produce a perceptible, nocturnal fragrance (Stoutamire 1978), which Schnell (1997, p. 438) described as "a very faint or citronella odor." Flowering occurs in mid-to late summer when relatively few other forest herbs are in bloom (Taylor 1974;Whigham and McWethy 1980). Whigham and McWethy (1980) examined the reproductive biology of this orchid in a 2-year study at the Smithsonian's Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies near Annapolis, Maryland.…”

Section: Floral Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flowering occurs in mid-to late summer when relatively few other forest herbs are in bloom (Taylor 1974;Whigham and McWethy 1980). Whigham and McWethy (1980) examined the reproductive biology of this orchid in a 2-year study at the Smithsonian's Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies near Annapolis, Maryland. They found that natural populations were maintained primarily by vegetative reproduction.…”

Section: Floral Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 2

Argue¹

2012

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), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) v Preface This is the second of two volumes treating the pollination biology of all native and introduced orchid species occurring north of Mexico and Florida. Both volumes provide an up-to-date collation of a vast literature previously scattered in numerous, often obscure, journals and books. Like Volume 1, Volume 2 supplies detailed information on genetic compatibility, breeding systems, pollinators, pollination mechanisms, fruiting success, and limiting factors for each species. Distribution, habitat, and floral morphology are also summarized. In addition, original, detailed line drawings emphasize orchid reproductive organs and their adaptation to known pollinators. All drawings are by the author, sometimes based on the published work of others, as indicated.Volume 1 furnished a brief introduction to the general morphology of the orchid flower and the terminology used to describe orchid breeding systems and reproductive strategies. It treated the lady's-slippers of genus Cypripedium, subfamily Cypripedioideae, and introduced nine genera of the subfamily Orchidoideae, including the diverse rein orchids of genus Platanthera.Volume 2 continues the treatment of the Orchidoideae with nine North American genera of tribe Cranichideae. These include the rattlesnake plantains of genus Goodyera, often recognized by their clusters of variegated leaves, and the ladies' tresses of genus Spiranthes and their relatives, well known for the often spiral arrangement of their flowers in spicate inflorescences.Seven North American tribes of the large subfamily Epidendroideae are considered next. Tribe Neottieae, with three genera, includes the twayblades of genus Listera (Neottia) with their long lips and paired stem leaves. Also in this group are the helleborines, including the strange, ghostly white phantom orchid of genus Cephalanthera and the native stream orchid and broad-leaved helleborine, both of genus Epipactis. The tribe Triphoreae comprises a single North American genus, Triphora, the three-birds orchid with an asymmetrical perianth. The tribe Malaxideae includes the diminutive and easily overlooked adder's mouth orchid of genus Malaxis and a second genus, Liparis, which shares the common name twayblade with Listera, but differs in having only basal leaves. The tribe Calypsoeae comprises vi Preface four genera native to our flora. The fairy slipper orchid of genus Calypso, considered by some as the most beautiful...

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Section: Distribution and Habitatmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Floral Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Floral Morphologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Floral Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Floral Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 2

Argue¹

2012

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Recent Advances in Botany, Propagation, and Physiology of Orchids

Sheehan

1983

Horticultural Reviews

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Some Observations on the Reproductive Biology of Gaultheria Procumbens (Ericaceae)

Mirick

Quinn

1981

American J of Botany

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The pollination and fruit production of Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), an evergreen sub‐shrub, were studied in five woodland sites in New Jersey and one in northeastern Pennsylvania. Pollinator exclusion methods at three of the sites produced no consistent differences in fruit and seed set between enclosed plants and controls. Insect pollinators, almost exclusively bumblebees, were sparse at all sites; visitation rates were about 0.01 bee visits/flower/hr. All fruits examined contained at least 35 seeds, but about half of the pistils examined, from open‐pollinated plants, did not contain enough pollen tetrads on their stigmatic surfaces to fertilize this number of ovules. However, the low average fruit set of 8.2% on open‐pollinated plants was due more to the high mortality of buds prior to anthesis than to inadequate pollination. Bud mortality was high and fruit set low in 3 years of observations at various study sites, indicating that this may be a general pattern for the species in northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. The amount of sexual reproduction showed no consistent relationship to stem density.

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Studies on the Pollination Ecology of Tipularia Discolor (Orchidaceae)

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 2

The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 2

Recent Advances in Botany, Propagation, and Physiology of Orchids

Some Observations on the Reproductive Biology of Gaultheria Procumbens (Ericaceae)

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