Studies on the Production of Acid Protease by Submerged Fermentation

Sinha, Shishir; Sinha, Shalini

doi:10.2202/1556-3758.1338

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In submerged fermentation, known as (liquid fermentation), the nutrients are present in the form dissolved in a large volume of water. This method is useful in the production of some enzymes which suffer from the catabolic -repression caused by very low concentrations of residual substrates like; amino acids and glucose [75].…”

Section: Submerged Fermentation Smfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of agro-industrial wastes using fungi for industrial enzymes production

Abeer A. Abd El Aty

2023

Int. J. Frontline Res. Sci. Technol.

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Huge quantities of the agricultural wastes are produced from practices related to industrial processing, which are mainly burned and thrown in landfills, becoming a threat to the human health and causing environmental pollution. Agro-industrial residues, such as sugarcane bagasse, orange peel, wheat bran, corn straw, barley, rice straw, corn cob, husk, soy bran, and coffee husk were considered as valuable raw materials that can be converted into products of biotechnological interest using microorganisms. Agro-industrial wastes rich in nutrients, such as proteins, minerals, and sugars that, used as possible low cost substrates, for the fungal cultivation, thus considered as an alternative eco-friendly tool for many biological products of economic value, such as enzymes. Fungi organisms are capable of synthesizing a wide range of relevant oxidative and hydrolytic extracellular enzymes, such as peroxidases, laccases, xylanases, and cellulases. The enzymes secreted fungi, are proteins that function as bio-catalysts, responsible for carrying out various biochemical reactions, which applied in food, detergent, cellulose, paper, cosmetics and textile industries, etc. Thus, the replacement of raw materials with lignocellulosic-sources can result in reducing environmental problems and resolving the pollution associated with their disposal, in addition a higher investment will be gained. Therefore, a review was carried out on the important value of agro-industrial wastes, and the cultivation of fungal isolates for economic production of the industrially important enzymes, based on submerged and solid-state fermentation processes, as well as the important application of these enzymes.

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Section: Submerged Fermentation Smfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of agro-industrial wastes using fungi for industrial enzymes production

Abeer A. Abd El Aty

2023

Int. J. Frontline Res. Sci. Technol.

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“…41 Peanut meal was the best nitrogen source for proteolytic enzyme production compared to casein, peptone, and skimmilk powder. 42 Immobilized Cell Technology: Immobilization of microbial cells has become popular in the field of proteolytic enzyme production. Immobilized cell technology is often used to improve the bioprocess to gelatin enhanced yield of proteolytic enzymes as well as their long-term use and stability.…”

Section: Solid-state Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Overview of Proteases: A Review

Kumar¹,

Anjana²,

Poonam³

et al. 2019

AJABS

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INTRODUCTION: Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrate into different molecules known as product. The first enzyme to be discovered was amylase 1 in which was originally isolated from barley and catalysis the conversion of starch into sugars. Enzymes have been utilized for thousands of year in microbial processes. Microbes & their enzymes have been applied for preparations of wines, beer, cheese and other milk products. The role of enzyme in fermentation process has been known for less than two hundred years. Versatility of protein molecules present in their diverse functioning including catalytic capabilities and structural organization. Enzymes are considered biocatalyst as they are involved in producing these molecules. Both fungal and bacterial species produce these molecules. 2 Protease also known as proteinase or peptidase is an enzyme group which is involved in proteolysis. Proteolysis is the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Peptide bonds help in formation of polypeptide chain by linking amino acids together. Proteases have industrial uses and include more than 70% of the industrial enzyme. 3 Fungi and bacteria are the major source of production of this enzyme. Proteases are eco-friendly as the sources of production are generally nonpathogenic and non-toxic. 4 Sources of Proteolytic Enzymes: Proteolytic enzymes are produced by all life forms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.

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“…In the case of SmF, both of microorganism and substances are involved in submerged state in the liquid medium. Since the contents are in submerged state in the liquid medium, the modeling of the process is amenable and the transfer of heat and mass is more efficient [75]. Methods for the design of fermentation equipment and for the evaluations of its performance are greatly improved by increased knowledge of factors affecting oxygen transfer in those systems requiring some degree of aeration [76].…”

Section: Microorganism Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Medium Formulation and Culture Conditions on Microbial Xylanase Production Using Agricultural Extracts in Submerged Fermentation (SmF) and Solid State Fermentation (SsF): A Review

Ho¹

2014

J Biodivers Biopros Dev

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There are several crucial fermentation parameters including carbon source, temperature, pH medium and agitation speed used to elucidate and optimise the production of xylanase in submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SsF). These parameters are determined by the types of microorganism that yield xylanase. Precisely, suitable parameters allow the proper proliferation of microorganisms to produce high concentration of xylanase. Carbon source provides prerequisite nutrients for growth of microorganisms in SmF and SsF. In order to enhance the xylanase production, cheap but effective carbon source such as agricultural extracts is generally added to supply as the prime nutrient. SsF has become a known interest to produce xylanase because of its economical process of using agricultural extracts. Thus, lower cost production of xylanase is easily achieved. Therefore, proper optimisation of fermentation parameters would able to produce the desirable xylanase at the maximum level. Additionally, optimum pH medium and temperature possess huge positive impact on the growth of microorganisms and xylanase production. Indeed, optimal pH and temperature in agitated culture show greater xylanase activity compared to non-agitated culture. Nonetheless, further increase of the optimum agitation speed would cause irregular morphology of microorganisms that ultimately lead to xylanase interference. In the present day, the demand for xylanase is rising because of its remarkable usages in vast industries. The foremost industrial application of xylanase is involved in chlorine-free bleaching process in pulp and paper industry whereby xylanase is added into the pulp to degrade xylan found within the lignin residuals. Increasing applications of xylanase in various industries have developed xylanase to become more valuable. As a result, there are continuously endeavors to transform xylanase industry into a profitable market with lower costs of production using different types of agricultural extracts at the optimal growth conditions. All these aspects are reviewed in this article. Statement of the Problem Only a few studies on the optimisation of medium formulation for the maximum microbial xylanase production have been conducted. The application of agricultural wastes as the carbon source for the industrial xylanase production are scarce and not comprehensively studied, compared and reported in submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SsF). Being the simple, non-toxic and cost-effective carbon source to yield xylanase, the replacement of xylan as the substrate with agricultural extracts in SmF and SsF is of great interest particularly in industrial production. Agricultural extracts are the good alternative carbon source due to their similarity in the polymers structure of xylan, as a result, these lignocellulose residuals are suitable to use as the prime carbon source for xylanase production. Besides that, the lack of precise information of the optimum growth conditions on the microbial xylanase producti...

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Studies on the Production of Acid Protease by Submerged Fermentation

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Valorization of agro-industrial wastes using fungi for industrial enzymes production

Valorization of agro-industrial wastes using fungi for industrial enzymes production

Latest Overview of Proteases: A Review

Effects of Medium Formulation and Culture Conditions on Microbial Xylanase Production Using Agricultural Extracts in Submerged Fermentation (SmF) and Solid State Fermentation (SsF): A Review

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