Studies on the Removal of Bromocresol Green from Water by Solvent Sublation

Abstract

Bromocresol green (BG) was removed from an aqueous solution by solvent sublation of bromocresol green -hexadecyl-pyridiumchlorid (HPC) complex (sublate) into 2-octanol. The effects of many parameters, such as the amount of surfactant, airflow rates, pH, NaCl, and ethanol on the solvent sublation were studied. Different temperatures of the solvent sublation were also investigated. A ratio of surfactant to dye (1.25:1) was the most effective for the removal, with over 99% BG removed from the aqueous solution within 5 min. The removal rate was somewhat enhanced by higher airflow rates and almost independent of the volume of the organic solvent floating on the top of the aqueous column. The effects of electrolytes (e.g. NaCl) and non-hydrophobic organics (e.g. ethanol) reduce the removal efficiency of solvent sublation. This process followed first order kinetics. A characteristic parameter, apparent activation energy of attachment of the sublate to bubbles, was estimated at a value of 1.3 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the simulation of the mathematical and experimental data was made with good results.

The solvent sublation of bromocresol green from waters solutions

“…In [9], sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used for solvent sublation of a methyl violet dye from an aqueous solution. Methyl violet is extracted to isopentanol.…”

Azo-functionalized superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: an efficient adsorbent for the removal of bromocresol green from contaminated water

“…The lactoid (neutral) form is the predominant species in acidic solutions, while the quinoid (anionic) form dominates in alkaline media. 4 Plant powders, 5 activated carbon, 6 chitin nanobers, 7 solvent sublation, 8 and electro-Fenton and electro-Fenton-like processes 9 are the methods reported in the literature for removing BCG from water. In one of our prior studies, BCG and another triphenylmethane dye (bromophenol blue) were removed from contaminated water by polyethyleneimine-coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles.…”

Simulation of Solvent Sublation Process to Forecast the Amount of Removed Dyes

“…One of the advanced wastewater treatment technique that removed dyes is solvent sublation , Bi 2007. This technique combines two methodsion flotation and solvent extraction -and is based on the ascension of gas bubbles to the surface; thus, the polutant (sublate) is transferred to the organic phase (Lu , 2007. Surfactants are used in the solvent sublation process as collectors.…”