Studies on the sibling species <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Giles and <i>Anopheles arabiensis</i> Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Kisumu area, Kenya.

Highton, R. B.; Bryan, Joan H.; Boreham, P. F. L.; Chandler, John

doi:10.1017/s0007485300017879

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Anopheles gambiae is anthropophilic and prefers to rest indoors after a blood meal. 2,11 Anopheles arabiensis is zoophilic and prefers to rest outdoors. 25,26 Therefore, species composition based on adult samples is biased toward An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Because individual species within the species complex differ in host-biting preference, abundance and vector competence, identification of the mosquito vectors to species level and mapping species distribution in heterogeneous environments are critical. 2,3 Simple molecular techniques are now available for identification of anopheline vectors to species level. 4 Through integration of molecular techniques with other tools such as a global positioning system (GPS) and a geographic information system, vector species distribution patterns and the underlying mechanisms can be better studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gambiae is highly anthropophilic and An. arabiensis is zoophilic, 2,11,12 their abundance may be associated with distribution of cattle and human hosts. On the other hand, mosquito reproduction depends on the availability of aquatic habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African malaria vectors in western Kenya.

Minakawa¹,

Seda²,

Yan³

2002

Am J Trop Med Hyg

158

153

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Abstract. The abundance of anopheline mosquitoes varies substantially among houses within the same villages. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is highly anthropophilic, and Anopheles arabiensis is zoophilic; thus, it is often hypothesized that the abundance of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis in a house is associated with the distribution of livestock and humans. In this paper we examined the influence of livestock and human host availability on the distribution and abundance of malaria vectors in the basin region of Lake Victoria in western Kenya. Larvae and adults of An. gambiae, An. arabiensis and Anopheles funestus were collected in the beginning and the end of the rainy season in 1999. Anopheles gambiae was the predominant species in both larval and adult samples. Multiple regression analyses found that the ratio of distance between houses and larval habitats to distance between cowsheds and larval habitats had a significant and negative association with the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae for both sampling periods. The ratio of human density to cow density was positively correlated with the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae in the late rainy period. For the adult samples, distance from a house to its nearest larval habitats was the only variable that showed a significant correlation with the An. gambiae density in houses in both sample periods. More than 90% of anopheline adults were found in the houses within 300 meters from the nearest larval habitats. Anopheline mosquito density was not correlated to the density of cows or humans, or the distance to cowsheds from houses. These results suggest that livestock and human host availability affect the relative abundance of An. gambiae larvae in aquatic habitats, but the distribution of anopheline adults in houses is determined by the distance from houses to larval habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African malaria vectors in western Kenya.

Minakawa¹,

Seda²,

Yan³

2002

Am J Trop Med Hyg

158

153

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“…arabiensis shows a broader latitude of feeding and resting behavior. [20][21][22][23] In the adult population, the proportion of An. gambiae ranged from 26.7% to 94.3% per site (Mutero CM, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of anopheline mosquito larvae in Western Kenya.

Minakawa¹,

Mutero²,

Githure³

et al. 1999

Am J Trop Med Hyg

253

252

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Abstract. Studies were conducted to characterize larval habitats of anopheline mosquitoes and to analyze spatial heterogeneity of mosquito species in the Suba District of western Kenya. A total of 128 aquatic habitats containing mosquito larvae were sampled, and 2,209 anopheline and 10,538 culicine larvae were collected. The habitats were characterized based on size, pH, distance to the nearest house and to the shore of Lake Victoria, coverage of canopy, surface debris, algae and emergent plants, turbidity, substrate, and habitat types. Microscopic identification of thirdand fourth-instar anopheline larvae did not yield any Anopheles funestus or other anophelines.

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“…Although relationships between human blood index and livestock abundance have been reported for Anopheles funestus and important vector species in the An. gambiae complex (White et al, 1972;Highton et al, 1979;Lindsay et al, 1993;Mbogo et al, 1993), these studies have been largely descriptive. Here we describe an availability-based model for mosquito hostseeking behaviour and apply it to the quantitative analysis of host choice by malaria vector populations in African communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by African mosquito populations

Killeen

McKenzie

Foy

et al. 2001

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

106

148

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A simple model for the influence of host availability on vector bloodmeal choice is applied to estimate the relative availabilities of humans, cattle and other host populations to malaria vectors in African communities, using published human blood indices and ratios of cattle to humans. Cattle were bitten <0.01, 0.021 ± 0.11, 1.61 ± 0.16 and 1.61 ± 0.46 times as often as humans by Anopheles funestus, An. gambiae sensu stricto and An. arabiensis in Segera, Tanzania, and An. gambiae sensu lato in The Gambia, respectively. No significant feeding upon host species other than cattle or humans was detected. Even though An. gambiae s.l. in The Gambia were mostly An. gambiae s.s., they were 77 times more likely to choose cattle over humans than An. gambiae s.s. in Tanzania. The model accurately predicted cattle blood indices for the An. arabiensis population in Tanzania (predicted = 0.99 ± 0.21 × observed + 0.00 ± 0.10; r 2 = 0.66). The potential effect of increased cattle abundance upon malaria transmission intensity was simulated using fitted relative availability parameters and assuming vector emergence rate, feeding cycle length and survivorship were unaffected. The model predicted that increased cattle populations would not affect malaria transmission in Tanzania but could drastically reduce transmission in The Gambia or where An. arabiensis is the dominant vector. We define the availability of a host as the rate at which a typical individual host-seeking vector encounters and feeds upon that host in a single feeding cycle. Mathematical models based on this definition also represent promising tools for quantifying the dependence of vector longevity, feeding cycle length and dispersal upon host availability.

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Studies on the sibling species Anopheles gambiae Giles and Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Kisumu area, Kenya.

Cited by 59 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African malaria vectors in western Kenya.

Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African malaria vectors in western Kenya.

Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of anopheline mosquito larvae in Western Kenya.

The availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by African mosquito populations

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