This paper compares structural, immunological and kinetic properties of corn (C,) and spinach (C,) NADPmalate dehydrogenases. These chloroplastic enzymes are regulated in vivo by thiol -disulfide interchange. Both in their oxidized (inactive) and reduced (active) states these enzymes have a dimeric structure with molecular masses for the subunit ranging from 28 kDa to 38 kDa according to the procedure used for the determination. These enzymes are thus structurally related. The use of specific antibodies showed that they are also immunologically related although not identical. Finally both enzymes showed close kinetic properties with comparable k,,, and K,. Since C, plants have approximately ten times more NADP-malate dehydrogenase activity than C3 plants, these data suggest that the differences in activities are probably related to the enzyme content of each plant type.N ADH-dependent malate dehydrogenases are ubiquitous enzymes, isoenzymes of which are found in bacteria, mammals and plants [l]. The latter organisms, however, possess a unique NADPH-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH). The most striking difference between the NADH and the NADPH-dependent malate dehydrogenases is that the latter, unlike its NADH counterparts, is regulated by its redox status [2, 31. Indeed, the NADP-malate dehydrogenase is in vivo activated by light and inactivated in the dark [4, 51. Studies of the activation/inactivation mechanism have led to the discovery of a light-dependent modification system, endogeneous to the chloroplast, called the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system, which can be reconstituted in vitro and comprises isolated thylakoids and the following soluble proteins: ferredoxin, ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxins [6, 71. Photochemically or chemically (dithiothreitol) reduced thioredoxins can, in turn, activate the NADP-malate dehydrogenase presumably via a thiol -disulfide interchange mechanism with the appearance of new thiol groups on the enzyme together with the catalytic activity [8, 91. NADP-MDH can also be reduced by dithiothreitol alone with a lower efficiency through a similar mechanism [lo-121.NADP-malate dehydrogenase is present only in the chloroplasts of C3 and C4 mesophyll plant cells [13,14]. While it seems to be clear that in C4 leaves it is involved in the soCorrespvndence to J