Studies on the structure of a hemagglutinating component of a grofp a arbo virus (Sindbis)

Mussgay, M.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(64)90241-7

Cited by 71 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The sensitivity of arboviruses to lipid solvents and the finding that RNA can be extracted from these viruses only by the 'hot phenol' method (Wecker, 1959) suggest that lipids are contained in an envelope which protects the RNA. Electron micrographs of WEE virus (Morgan, Howe & Rose, 1961) and Sindbis virus (Mussgay & Rott, 1964) have also indicated the existence of such an envelope. Myxoviruses and viruses belonging to the herpes group, which also are sensitive to lipid solvents, are all known to possess an envelope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sensitivity of bluetongue virus to lipid solvents, trypsin and pH changes and its serological relationship to arboviruses

Svehag

Gorham

1966

J. Hyg.

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Bluetongue virus was found to be resistant to ether, chloroform and sodium deoxycholate under a variety of conditions but sensitive to treatment with trypsin. The virus had a narrow zone of pH stability between pH 6 and 8 in Michaelis buffer. Below pH 6 bluetongue was irreversibly inactivated within 1 min. at 37° C. In many of its characteristics, bluetongue virus appears to be closely related to the reoviruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sensitivity of bluetongue virus to lipid solvents, trypsin and pH changes and its serological relationship to arboviruses

Svehag

Gorham

1966

J. Hyg.

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“…Prior to this report, mammalian-cell-derived alphaviruses were described as consisting of a single particle species. Prior characterization of purified SINV derived from chicken embryo fibroblasts indicated that two particle species could be distinguished from one another on the basis of particle density (51). Nevertheless, these studies stopped short of determining if the individual particle subpopulations exhibited different infectivities or if they were biologically distinct.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsidation of Host-Derived Factors Correlates with Enhanced Infectivity of Sindbis Virus

Sokoloski

Snyder²,

Liu

et al. 2013

J Virol

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The genus Alphavirus consists of a group of enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses, many of which are transmitted by arthropods to a wide range of vertebrate host species. Here we report that Sindbis virus (SINV) produced from a representative mammalian cell line consists of at least two unique particle subpopulations, separable on the basis of virion density. In contrast, mosquito-derived SINV consists of a homogeneous population of particles. Our findings indicate that the denser particle subpopulation, SINV Heavy , is more infectious on a per-particle basis than SINV Light . SINV produced in mosquito cell lines (SINV C6/36 ) exhibited particle-to-PFU ratios similar to those observed for SINV Heavy . In mammalian cells, viral RNA was synthesized and accumulated more rapidly following infection with SINV Heavy or SINV C6/36 than following infection with SINV Light , due partly to enhanced translation of viral genomic RNA early in infection. Analysis of the individual particle subpopulations indicated that SINV Heavy and SINV C6/36 contain host-derived factors whose presence correlates with the enhanced translation, RNA synthesis, and infectivity observed for these particles. Members of the genus Alphavirus, of the family Togaviridae, are a group of enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses with a wide host range. For the mosquito-borne species, the virus is maintained in the enzootic cycle through transmission between a sylvatic reservoir and the mosquito host (1). The maintenance of this cycle directly affects the genetic fitness of the mosquito-borne alphaviruses. Prolonged disruption of this cycle leads to deleterious effects on viral transmission as the virus becomes adapted to a single host (2-5). Spillover from the enzootic cycle often results in the tangential infection of both humans and equines, which can result in significant outbreaks of disease. The outcome of alphaviral infection is dependent on the host system (6-12). Infection of mosquito cells does not result in the shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis and often culminates in persistent infection for the majority of mosquito cell lines (12-15). Nevertheless, cell death as a result of infection has been reported for several members of the genus in whole mosquitoes (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). In contrast, infection of mammalian cells induces the shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis, resulting in a predominantly cytolytic infection. In vertebrates, the immune response to infection generally results in virus clearance. This is initiated by the recognition of viral doublestranded RNA and a rapid type I interferon (IFN-␣/␤) response (22)(23)(24)(25).Previously, we reported that the infectivity of Sindbis virus (SINV), as measured by the ratio of particles to infectious units, depends on the host cell line from which it is derived (26). SINV derived from mammalian cell lines exhibited a higher particle-to-PFU ratio, on average, than SINV generated from mosquito cell lines. This was due largely to differences in the quantity of total virus particles pr...

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“…We define the envelope as the deformable outer layer of Semliki Forest virus which bears the projections and which can be destroyed by caseinase C. The viral envelope is described as the lipoprotein-containing outer layer of lipid-containing viruses, and it is supposed to be formed by some budding process through the host-cell membrane during the release of virus (Franklin, 1962; Knight, 1963;Mussgay, 1964). Lipases destroy the infectivity of arboviruses (Takehara & Hotta, 1961), and these are sensitive to ether (Andrewes & Horstman, 1949) and to deoxycholate (Theiler, 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Morphology, Infectivity and Haemagglutinating Activity of Semliki Forest Virus Produced by the Treatment with Caseinase C from Streptomyces albus G.

Osterrieth

Calberg-Bacq

1966

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYElectron micrographs of negatively stained Semliki Forest virus were made before and after treatment of the virus with caseinase C from Strqtmyces altncs G. The virus appeared as roughly spherical (diameter 550-590 a); covered with projections and sometimes bearing an appendix, which seemed to be a fold of the envelope. Treated with caseinase C in tris buffered saline, the virus lost its projections and its haemagglutinating activity but remained infectious. The site of haemagglutination, then, is probably located on the projections. Treated with caseinase C in phosphate buffer, the virus lost its infectivity as well as its haemagglutinating activity; the number of the remaining viral particles was not significantly modified. These structures had no projections; their envelope was degraded and sometimes completely destroyed. In this case, they had a smaller diameter (885-890 a) than the projectionless particles obtained by treatment in tris buffered saline (410460a). As the virus particles with degraded envelope still contained as much infectious RNA as the controls, it was thought that some degree of integrity of the envelope was necessary for the particle infectivity. Thus the site for infectivity appeared to be different from that for haemagglutination.

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Studies on the structure of a hemagglutinating component of a grofp a arbo virus (Sindbis)

Cited by 71 publications

References 15 publications

Sensitivity of bluetongue virus to lipid solvents, trypsin and pH changes and its serological relationship to arboviruses

Sensitivity of bluetongue virus to lipid solvents, trypsin and pH changes and its serological relationship to arboviruses

Encapsidation of Host-Derived Factors Correlates with Enhanced Infectivity of Sindbis Virus

Changes in Morphology, Infectivity and Haemagglutinating Activity of Semliki Forest Virus Produced by the Treatment with Caseinase C from Streptomyces albus G.

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