Studies on the thermal degradation mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate and its 2-carboxy ethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid copolymers

Ma, Tianyi; Wang, Rui; Wang, Wenqing; Gu, Weiwen; Yuan, Ye; Zhang, Anying; Wei, Jianfei

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110185

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 4, PET undergoes homolysis reactions and generates free radicals once covalent bonds are broken. However, the subsequent β‐cis‐elimination reactions break the substituent group of the β‐carbon, forming carboxylic acids through free radical decay 26 . Irradiation‐induced PET degradation has similar pathways to those from thermal degradation, and it shows more carboxylic acid‐containing fragments by increasing irradiation absorbance dose 27 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the subsequent β-cis-elimination reactions break the substituent group of the β-carbon, forming carboxylic acids through free radical decay. 26 Irradiation-induced PET degradation has similar pathways to those from thermal degradation, and it shows more carboxylic acid-containing fragments by increasing irradiation absorbance dose. 27 Thus, 200PET might contain more polar functional groups as well as lower molecular weight, making it easier to wash out than neat PET.…”

Section: Dissolution Studymentioning

confidence: 95%

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Reactive extrusion of post‐irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve the interfacial interactions in compounding with its immiscible polyethylene blends

Jamalzadeh,

Sobkowicz

2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The aggregation of plastic waste results in immiscible polymer blends with inferior properties. This study explores the application of irradiation technology on polymer processing for its potential to increase the compatibility of immiscible polymer blends composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE). When PET is radiated, it undergoes chain‐scission reactions resulting in the formation of free radicals. The extended lifespan of these free radicals in post‐irradiated PET provides an opportunity for inducing interface reactions with LLDPE during compounding through reactive extrusion. PET was irradiated with up to 50 and 200 kGy irradiation absorbance doses of gamma irradiation and then compounded with LLDPE in a twin‐screw extruder at three blend compositions. Analysis of rheological, morphological, and mechanical properties demonstrates the compatibility improvement in this immiscible polymer blend attributed to irradiation‐induced free radical interface reactions using post‐irradiated PET up to 50 kGy to conduct the reactive extrusion process.Highlights Reactive extrusion process with post‐irradiated PET. Formation of interface reactions. Improving the compatibility of immiscible polymer blend.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dissolution Studymentioning

confidence: 95%

Reactive extrusion of post‐irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve the interfacial interactions in compounding with its immiscible polyethylene blends

Jamalzadeh,

Sobkowicz

2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…As seen in Figure 13 , the thermal degradation of MIL-PET and MIL-P-PET proceeded in a two-step decomposition. In an N 2 atmosphere, the ferric ions in MIL-88B(Fe) coordinated with the C=O bond to catalyze to the homolytic cleavage of PET, causing a large amount of terephthalic acid generation for MIL-PET, while the production of benzoic acid and 4-formylbenzoic-acid were dominant in PET due to the competition between homolytic cleavage and the β-cis-elimination reaction [ 48 ]. However, in air atmosphere, the oxygen, which has been proven to influence the CH 2 bond in previous research [ 49 ], accelerated the degradation or cross-linking of terephthalic acid and benzoic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Degradation and Carbonization Mechanism of Fe-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks onto Flame-Retardant Polyethylene Terephthalate

Wang

2023

Polymers

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Currently, the metal-organic framework (MOF) is a promising candidate for flame−retardant polymers. In this study, a Fe−based MOF, MIL-88B(Fe), was introduced to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and 3−hydroxyphenylphosphinyl-propanoic acid copolymer (P−PET) to reduce the fire hazard involved in using PET. The limiting oxygen indexes (LOIs) of MIL−PET and MIL−P−PET improved by 27% and 30%, respectively. The UL−94 level achieved for MIL−P−PET was V−0 rating. The thermal degradation and carbonization mechanisms of MIL−PET and MIL−P−PET were systematically investigated through thermogravimetric analysis coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG−IR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (Py−GC−MS), x−ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectrum combined with quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulation. With the addition of MIL−88B(Fe), high graphitization and a hard flammability char residual were generated. Compared with neat PET, the ferric ions efficiently catalyzed the homolytic cleavage and dehydrogenation of PET to produce a large amount of CO2 and terephthalic acid for MIL−PET in gas phase. Rough and hierarchical char residual with ferric oxide was also generated when temperatures exceeded 600 °C. However, the carbonization process was inhibited due to the coordinated complex between phosphorus and ferric ions in MIL−P−PET, invaliding the decarboxylation and generating more benzoic acid and its precursor, which led to heavy smoke.

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“…All the reagents were used as received. The polyester fabric was synthesized by carboxyethyl phenylphosphinic acid (CEPPA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) copolymerization as previously reported 38 and abbreviated as FRPET (160 g m −2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid nanocoating for flame retardant, early fire-warning and piezoresistive tension sensing smart polyester fabrics

Guo,

Wang,

Zhai

et al. 2024

Nanoscale

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Studies on the thermal degradation mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate and its 2-carboxy ethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid copolymers

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Reactive extrusion of post‐irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve the interfacial interactions in compounding with its immiscible polyethylene blends

Reactive extrusion of post‐irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve the interfacial interactions in compounding with its immiscible polyethylene blends

Thermal Degradation and Carbonization Mechanism of Fe-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks onto Flame-Retardant Polyethylene Terephthalate

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid nanocoating for flame retardant, early fire-warning and piezoresistive tension sensing smart polyester fabrics

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Studies on the thermal degradation mechanism of polyethylene terephthalate and its 2-carboxy ethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid copolymers

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Reactive extrusion of post‐irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve the interfacial interactions in compounding with its immiscible polyethylene blends

Reactive extrusion of post‐irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) to improve the interfacial interactions in compounding with its immiscible polyethylene blends

Thermal Degradation and Carbonization Mechanism of Fe-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks onto Flame-Retardant Polyethylene Terephthalate

Ti3C2Tx MXene-based hybrid nanocoating for flame retardant, early fire-warning and piezoresistive tension sensing smart polyester fabrics

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Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based hybrid nanocoating for flame retardant, early fire-warning and piezoresistive tension sensing smart polyester fabrics