Studies on trembles or milk-sickness and white snake root

Wolf, F; Curtis, Robert Seth; Kaupp, B. F.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(18)80005-4

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In a single episode during the spring of 1985, 53 angora goats died of white snakeroot poisoning in central Texas, and the total !oss at that ranch during the 1985 season was 85 goats [Reagor, 19851. Wolf et al [1918] described extensive use of white snakeroot extracts in animal feeding experiments demonstrating that these extracts caused trembles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of the major component in white snakeroot that is toxic after microsomal activation: Possible explanation of sporadic toxicity of white snakeroot plants and extracts

et al. 1993

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Tremetone, the major toxic component in white snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum Houtt) extracts, was isolated following an in vitro bioactivity assay. Microsomal activation was required to produce a product toxic to murine melanoma (B16F1) cells as well as five other mammalian cell cultures. The metabolic activation product(s) of tremetone is suspected to be responsible for the toxic activity of the plant. Tremetone is also smoothly converted to dehydrotremetone in the plant and cell free homogenates, and readily decomposes to dehydrotremetone in extracts. Dehydrotremetone is not toxic even after microsomal activation. The efficient conversion of tremetone to dehydrotremetone may explain why white snakeroot plant material and extracts have varied activities, and why a previous claim that tremetone was responsible for the toxic activity of white snakeroot was withdrawn. Rayless goldenrod extracts show the same toxic activity as white snakeroot and the toxic activity of rayless goldenrod is most likely due to tremetone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of the major component in white snakeroot that is toxic after microsomal activation: Possible explanation of sporadic toxicity of white snakeroot plants and extracts

et al. 1993

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“…Humans Sickness and death have occurred after ingestion of milk from cows that have eaten white snakeroot. There are no recent reports of poisoning (Moseley 1906, Jordan and Harris 1909, Wolf et al 1918, Couch 1927, Hansen 1928a, Couch 1933, Moseley 1941. Animals Poisoning and death are reported in cattle, horses, sheep, and goats (Moseley 1906, Jordan and Harris 1909;Wolf et al 1918;Hansen 1924aHansen , 1925aGraham and Boughton 1925;Couch 1926aCouch , 1927Hansen 19286, 1928c Torell et al 1988).…”

Section: Compositae Composite Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Poisonous plants of Canada

Mulligan¹,

Munro²

1990

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Animals No information. Abrus precatorius, 31 Acer ruhrum, 10 Aconitum napellus, 41 Aesculus hippocastanum, 30 Agrostemma githago, 19 Ailanthus altissima, 44 Allamanda cathartica, 12-13 Allium spp., 34-35 A/oe spp., 35 Amaranthus spp., 10 Amaryllis spp., 10-11 Amsinkia intermedia, 17 Anagallis arvensis, 41 Anthurium spp., 14 Apocynum spp., 13 Arisaema triphyllum, 14 Asarum canadense, 16 Asclepias spp., 16 Asimina triloba, 12 Astragalus spp., 31 Bap^isia spp., 32 Barbarea vulgaris, 24 Bassia hyssopifolia, 20 Caladium bicolor, 14 Callapalustris, 14 Caulophyllum thalictroides , 17 Centaurea solstitialis, 21 Cestrum nocturnum, 44 Chelidonium majus, 38 Chenopodium album, 20 Chrysanthemum spp., 21 Chrysothamnus nauseosus, 21 Cicuta spp., 47-48 C/iuia spp., 11 Codiaeum variegatum, 27 Colchicum autumnale, 35 Conium maculatum, 48 Convallaria majalis, 35 Cynoglossum officinale, 17 Cypripedium spp., 38 Daphne spp., 46-47 Da^ara spp., 44 Delphinium spp., 41-42

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“…Historically it is of considerable significance because of the suffering it caused for many of the midwest settlers in the United States in the early 1800's. It is reported that in some parts of Indiana and Ohio up to 50% of the deaths of early settlers was a result of white snakeroot-induced "milk sickness" (Wolf et al, 1918). The disease was so named as it was caused by drinking tainted milk from a cow that had ingested the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1918 it was shown that extracts of white snakeroot caused milk sickness and trembles (Wolf et al, 1918). Later Couch (1929) identified a straw-colored oil from white snakeroot that he named tremetol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes

Davis

Stegelmeier

Lee

et al. 2016

Research in Veterinary Science

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Tremetone and possibly other benzofuran ketones are believed to be the toxic compounds in white snakeroot. However, disease has not been reproduced with purified toxins and the concentrations of the benzofuran ketones in white snakeroot populations that cause toxicosis have not been documented. The objectives of this study were to compare the toxicity of seven plant populations, better characterize the clinical and pathologic changes of poisoning, and correlate intoxication with benzofuran ketone content. Four of the seven white snakeroot collections were toxic at the dose and duration used in the study. Affected goats became exercise intolerant, had significant serum enzyme changes and histological lesions in the large appendicular muscles. The incidence and severity of poisoning was not correlated with total doses of tremetone or total benzofuran ketone concentrations suggesting they may not be closely involved in producing toxicity and the possible involvement of an unidentified toxin. The results also demonstrate that white snakeroot populations vary chemically and toxicologically.

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Studies on trembles or milk-sickness and white snake root

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Isolation of the major component in white snakeroot that is toxic after microsomal activation: Possible explanation of sporadic toxicity of white snakeroot plants and extracts

Isolation of the major component in white snakeroot that is toxic after microsomal activation: Possible explanation of sporadic toxicity of white snakeroot plants and extracts

Poisonous plants of Canada

White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes

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