Studies on Trichomonads. I. The Metabolism of Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonads from the Nasal Cavity and Gecum of Swine

Doran, David J.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1957.tb02506.x

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…They are characterized morphologically by multiple anterior flagella and a single recurrent flagellum that functions as an undulating membrane [1]. P. hominis inhabits the large intestine of a number of mammalian hosts, including cats, dogs, nonhuman primates, and pigs [2][3][4][5][6]. Opportunistic overgrowth of P. hominis can cause disease, typically involving diarrhea [7,8].…”

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confidence: 99%

PCR Detection and Molecular Characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from Feces of Dogs with Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea

Kim

Cho

et al. 2010

Korean J Parasitol

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Abstract:Pentatrichomonas hominis is considered a commensal protozoan in the large intestine of a number of mammalian hosts, such as cats, dogs, and non-human primates. The resulting infections, which can induce diarrhea, have been attributed to opportunistic overgrowth of P. hominis. This study was performed to confirm the P. hominis infection and its molecular characterization from the feces of puppies with diarrhea. Fecal samples were obtained from 14 German shepherd puppies with diarrhea over 1 week (7 females and 7 males, 2-9 months of age) residing on a dog farm in August 2007. Species-specific PCR assay identified P. hominis 18S rRNA genes in 3 of the 14 puppies (1 female and 2 males; 1 aged 2 months and 2 aged 9 months). This phylogenetic analysis established that P. hominis belonged to the 1st clade, which is comprised of Bos taurus and Felines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR Detection and Molecular Characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from Feces of Dogs with Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea

Kim

Cho

et al. 2010

Korean J Parasitol

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“…Based on morphology and sequence identity of rRNA, feline T. foetus is indistinguishable from bovine venereal T. foetus and porcine enteric Tritrichomonas suis (1,2,3,8,11,13,14,18). The origin of T. foetus and the prevalence of infected cats are unknown.…”

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Prevalence of and Risk Factors for FelineTritrichomonas foetusandGiardiaInfection

Gookin¹,

Stebbins²,

et al. 2004

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Data were gathered for 117 cats from 89 catteries at an international cat show to examine prevalence and risk factors for feline Tritrichomonas foetus and Giardia infection. Prevalence of T. foetus was 31% among cats (36 out of 117) and catteries (28 out of 89) based on results of fecal smear examination (5 out of 36), fecal culture in modified Diamond's medium (9 out of 36), fecal culture in In Pouch TF medium (20 out of 36), or PCR amplification of the ribosomal RNA gene from feces with T. foetus-specific primers (34 out of 36). Catteries in which T. foetus was identified were more likely to have had a recent history of diarrhea, historical diagnosis of coccidia infection in adult cats, and a decreased number of square feet of facility per cat. Evidence did not exist for the ongoing transmission of T. foetus by water, food, or contact with other species.Tritrichomonas foetus was recently identified as a cause of large-bowel diarrhea in domestic cats (6,7,10,15,16). Based on morphology and sequence identity of rRNA, feline T. foetus is indistinguishable from bovine venereal T. foetus and porcine enteric Tritrichomonas suis (1,2,3,8,11,13,14,18). The origin of T. foetus and the prevalence of infected cats are unknown. We thus performed an epidemiological study of feline T. foetus infection. The specific aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of T. foetus infection within a geographically widespread group of suspected at-risk cats, to identify environmental risk factors for feline infection by T. foetus, and to determine the relative efficacy of direct fecal smear examination, fecal protozoal culture, and single-tube nested PCR for the diagnosis of T. foetus infection in naturally infected cats. Because of our clinical impression that T. foetus is often misidentified as Giardia and as a test of the ability of this study to disclose true risk factors for T. foetus infection if present, all cats were additionally tested for Giardia infection. MATERIALS AND METHODSSurvey distributions, fecal collection, and processing were performed at an international cat show in 2001. Catteries for which there was a completed survey and a freshly voided fecal sample from Ն1 cat present at the show were included. For each fecal sample, a single 0.9% saline smear was immediately prepared and viewed at ϫ400 magnification for motile trichomonads and Giardia trophozoites. A portion (Յ0.1 g) of feces was inoculated into In Pouch TF medium (Biomed Diagnostics; San Jose, Calif.) for the cultivation of T. foetus as described previously (4), and a portion (0.1 g) of the feces was suspended in 10 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered 0.9% saline and shipped overnight to the authors' laboratory for cultivation in modified Diamond's medium (Remel, Lenexa, Kans.) as described previously (4). Feces (2 g) were frozen, shipped same-day on dry ice to the authors' laboratory, and stored at Ϫ20°C. Feces were examined for the presence of Giardia-specific antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to manufacturer instructions...

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“…7,26 Tritrichomonas foetus and Tritrichomonas suis are considered to be strains of the same species on the basis of morphology, ultrastructural analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, enzyme homogeneity, and rRNA gene sequence identity. [3][4][5]14,20,21,27 Studies of cross-transmission between cattle and swine with T. foetus or T. suis have indicated little host specificity. 7,17 Beginning in 1996, several reports have documented the presence of large numbers of trichomonads in fecal specimens from young, densely housed cats with chronic large-bowel diarrhea.…”

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Histologic Features Associated withTritrichomonas foetus-induced Colitis in Domestic Cats

Yaeger

Gookin

2005

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. Tritrichomonas foetus is a venereal pathogen of naturally bred cattle. In domestic cats, T. foetus colonizes the colon, resulting in chronic, large-bowel diarrhea. The infection is prevalent among young, densely housed cats, and there is no effective treatment. To the authors' knowledge, the characteristic microscopic lesions of T. foetus infection in naturally infected cats have not been described. The aim of the study reported here was to characterize the histologic changes in the colon of seven cats with T. foetus infection and chronic diarrhea. All cats were 1 year old or younger (mean, 6.7 6 1.7 months), and a diagnosis of T. foetus infection was made on the basis of direct fecal smear examination (five cats), fecal culture in InPouch TM TF medium (four cats), single-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of DNA extracted from feces (two cats), or observation of trichomonads in sections of colon followed by PCR confirmation on DNA extracted from paraffinembedded tissue (two cats). The presence of colonic trichomonads was the most diagnostic histologic feature. Organisms were identified in all cats, but in only 24 of 43 (56%) sections of colon. Trichomonads were generally present in close proximity to the mucosal surface and less frequently in the lumen of colonic crypts. The presence of colonic trichomonads was consistently associated with mild-to-moderate lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic colitis, crypt epithelial cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia and increased mitotic activity, loss of goblet cells, crypt microabscesses, and attenuation of the superficial colonic mucosa. In two of the cats, histologic lesions were more severe and were associated with invasion of trichomonads into the lamina propria and/or deeper layers of the colon.

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Studies on Trichomonads. I. The Metabolism of Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonads from the Nasal Cavity and Gecum of Swine

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

PCR Detection and Molecular Characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from Feces of Dogs with Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea

PCR Detection and Molecular Characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from Feces of Dogs with Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for FelineTritrichomonas foetusandGiardiaInfection

Histologic Features Associated withTritrichomonas foetus-induced Colitis in Domestic Cats

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