Studies on tyre cords: degradation of polyester due to fatigue

Naskar, Amit K.; Mukherjee, A. K.; Mukhopadhyay, R.

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00260-x

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This interpretation is supported by the observations of several authors using electron diffraction of the fatigue crack region, Raman spectroscopic analysis of the CO bonds in PET fibres and the observation that carboxyl bonds are broken in the fibres during fatigue. 39,41,42 This recalls the model proposed by Veve et al; 39 however, the differences in stress states between the surface and core of the fibre most probably explain why the breaks are initiated at or near the surface. It remains to be seen if the minimum load criterion depends on the stress differences in the different parts of the fibres or only on the rearrangement of the structure at the molecular level, as suggested elsewhere.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Micro‐Raman study of the fatigue fracture and tensile behaviour of polyamide (PA 66) fibres

Ramirez

Colomban

Bunsell

2004

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The micro/nano structural evolution of two different types of ultra-high-performance polyamide (PA) 66 fibres, before and after tensile fatigue loading and failure, was studied using Raman spectroscopy. The nanostructure of these PA fibres consists of amorphous and crystalline domains. Two probes were considered: (i) low-wavenumber collective modes at ∼100 and ∼70 cm −1 as representative of the crystalline and amorphous domains, respectively; and (ii) N-H stretching mode at ∼3300 cm −1 , as representative of the inter-chain behaviour. The analysis of the wavenumber distribution revealed that the skin/core heterogeneity is a maximum for the amorphous domains. The residual stress in the skin was evaluated at about 200 and 400 MPa from calibrations plots for crystalline and amorphous domains, for the two types of fibres. This stress disappears after thermal treatment around T g . In situ analysis at different strain levels shows that the amorphous regions accommodate the stress up to ∼350 MPa, from which point elastic behaviour is observed. The analysis of a series of fibres failed in fatigue showed that amorphous domains are highly stressed during the failure and remnant compression can be measured. The extent of the stressed region extends to typically 100-400 µm from the fracture. Examination of the N-H wavenumber shift shows that the fracture squeezes the polymer chains together. Fatigue failure is explained by the loss of compliance in the amorphous region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Micro‐Raman study of the fatigue fracture and tensile behaviour of polyamide (PA 66) fibres

Ramirez

Colomban

Bunsell

2004

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Figure 10 shows that the compressive modulus value of PET is almost 30% higher than the value observed for PA66, and about 50% higher than in the case of the amorphous CoPA and COP polymers. PET filaments are known to have a higher stiffness in comparison to other polymer textile fibers [39, 40]. This is mainly due to its tendency to develop a conformation with stretched polymer chains together with the presence of aromatic rings in the polymer’s backbone [40, 41], as shown in figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical response of melt-spun amorphous filaments

Leal

Mohanty

Reifler

et al. 2014

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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High-speed melt spinning of a cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) and a copolyamide (CoPA) have been performed. Differential scanning calorimetry curves of the resulting monofilaments show that they remain in an amorphous state even after hot drawing. Wide angle x-ray diffraction patterns of undrawn and drawn COP filaments show that although the material remains in an amorphous state, a degree of orientation is induced in the polymer after drawing. The amorphous filaments show an enhanced bending recovery with respect to different semi-crystalline monofilaments commercially available. However, single fiber axial compressive testing indicates that the amorphous filaments exhibit a compressive modulus value which is 50% lower than what is observed for a reference semi-crystalline PET filament. Analysis of the compressive strains applied by the bending recovery test indicates that while the maximum applied strains remain well within the region of elastic deformation of the amorphous materials, the threshold between elastic and plastic deformation is reached for the semi-crystalline materials.

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“…The amorphous region determines the glass‐transition temperature of the fiber. Thermoplastic cords such as nylon and polyester, when subjected to high temperatures, exhibit some tendency to shrink 28. This is because polymer chains in a fiber yarn are highly crystalline and oriented, and the orientation is in the direction of the fiber axis, which makes the fiber anisotropic in nature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in fiber properties due to the heat treatment of nylon 6 tire cords

Rath

Chaki

Khastgir

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nylon 6 is used as a reinforcing material in different rubber products. However, as it is a thermoplastic material, it may undergo some kind of thermal shrinkage during the vulcanization of rubber, which leads to dimensional stability problems in the rubber product. To prevent this, we subjected nylon 6 to some kind of thermal treatment at higher temperatures. During thermal treatment, there was some change in the mechanical properties, shrinkage which may have been correlated with changes in the crystal structure of the polymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008

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Studies on tyre cords: degradation of polyester due to fatigue

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Micro‐Raman study of the fatigue fracture and tensile behaviour of polyamide (PA 66) fibres

Micro‐Raman study of the fatigue fracture and tensile behaviour of polyamide (PA 66) fibres

Mechanical response of melt-spun amorphous filaments

Change in fiber properties due to the heat treatment of nylon 6 tire cords

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