Studies on uronic acid materials. Part XII. The composition of Acacia gum exudates

Abstract

The exudates from seven Acacia species, not hitherto studied chemically, have been examined. As a result, variation in the characterisiic features of the Acacia group of plant gums can now be discussed from a more representative viewpoint. Species considered previously to have atypical features (e.g., positive optical rotation or low rhamnose content) are now seen to occur almost as frequently as those with negative rotations and unit correspondence between the rhamnose and uronic acid content.,~LTHOC'GH several hundred , 4 cncia species are known botanically, only Acacia senegad (syn. ueifek), A . ~?aoldissinza,~ A . py~nantlaa,~ A . cq'anophyLla,5 A . karroo16 -4. catechzt,7 A. szmi?ra,8 and ,4. s e y d have been studied chemically to any extent; a few further species, e.g., A . leiuophloeal10 A . decwYens,ll ,4. avabiczcm,ll A . favnesiaiza,l2 and ,4. sieberiann l2 have been examined in minor detail, from some particular aspect. Table 1 summarises the general information available to date for comparative purposes.In the belief that general conclusions regarding the typical features of this large genus could not reasonably be based on such limited information, we sought

A comparative Analytical Studies onAcaciapolyacantha gum Samples collected from three different locations in Sudan

“…Analysis of variance shows insignificant differences within location. The mean value of reducing sugar of all samples is (0.20%), which is in agreement with that of Acacia senegal gum(0.16 -0.44%) reported by Anderson(1966) .The above result is less than the result (0.44%) for AnogesissusLeiocarpus gum reported by Eltayeb(2009) . Fig.…”

Dietary, behavioral, and morphological aspects of gummivory in primates

“…When compared to other commercially used plant gums, Acacia gum is unusual in its high degree of solubility (Glicksman, 1969). Gums produced by a variety of species within the genus Acacia are composed of the same main sugar residues, but vary between, and even within, species in the proportions of those sugars (Anderson, 1978;Anderson and Dea, 1967;Anderson and Bell, 1974;Anderson et al, 1984). Commercially used plant gums from other families are composed of different sugar residues (Davidson, 1980).…”

“…Gums vary in water content, and dry as they age. Acacia gums are rarely more than 15% water (Anderson and Dea, 1967;Anderson et al, , 1984Anderson and Pinto, 1980). In contrast, the gum of Anacardium excelsum, used by Panamanian tamarins, is 40-55% water (Garber, 1984b).…”

Characterisation and authentication of A. senegal and A. seyal exudates by infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics

“…Even if there is variability in one species, A. seyal gum has a higher weight average molecular weight than that of A. senegal. The two gums Acacia are constituted of three neutral sugars: D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose units and two uronic acids: glucuronic and 4-O-methyl glucuronic acids (Anderson & Karamalla, 1966). The proteinaceous matter consists mainly of hydroxyproline, serine and proline .…”

“…The classic analyses are not often sufficient to end without ambiguity on the origin of species, in particular when we are in the presence of mixture of a gum in the other one in small quantity. A conventional approach consists to analyse different physical and chemical parameters to characterise A. senegal and A. seyal: specific rotation, nitrogen content, intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight, neutral sugar and uronic acid analyses, amino acid composition (Al-Assaf, Phillips, & Williams, 2005;Anderson & Karamalla, 1966;Jurasek, Varga, & Phillips, 1995). Chemometric analysis of gums have been used on the basis of chemical data (Biswas, Biswas, & Phillips, 1995;Jurasek & Phillips, 1993;Jurasek et al, 1995;Mocak et al, 1998).…”