Studies on water-extractable carbohydrates of the particulate matter from the northwest Pacific Ocean

Handa, Nobuhiko; Yanagi, Katsumi

doi:10.1007/bf00393893

Cited by 88 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…90% v/v cold ethanol prior to its characterization (Ford & Percival, 1965) and precipitation with 85% v/v ethanol has been used for the recovery of laminaran from extracts of phaeophycean algae (Percival & McDowell, 1967). Precipitation with 1 volume of ethanol plus 2 volumes of acetone yielded 1,3-b-D-glucan as the dominant component from the boiling water extracts of marine particulate matter collected from the north-west Pacific Ocean (Handa & Tominaga, 1969) and cultured P. tricornutum, Chaeotoceros sp., and S. costatum (Handa & Yanagi, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The 1,3-b-Dglucans were subsequently characterized from natural mixed diatom populations dominated by Biddulphia and Coscinodiscus species from the surface and subsurface waters of the north-west Pacific Ocean (Handa & Tominaga, 1969), and in extracts from various diatoms essentially grown as monocultures, including Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Chaetoceros willei (as Chaetoceros affinis var. willei), Chaetoceros sp., Skeletonema costatum and Stauroneis amphioxys (Ford & Percival, 1965;Handa & Yanagi, 1969;Myklestad & Haug, 1972;Smestad Paulsen & Myklestad, 1978;McConville et al, 1986). More recently, linkage analyses of water extracts obtained during sequential extraction of Achnanthes longipes (Wustman et al, 1997) and Pinnularia viridis (Chiovitti et al, 2003) yielded 1,3-linked glucopyranose (Glcp) as the dominant component.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The methods used to extract diatom chrysolaminaran generally involved cell disruption by treatment with dilute H 2 SO 4 (Myklestad & Haug, 1972;Va˚rum & Myklestad, 1984;Va˚rum et al, 1986;Granum & Myklestad, 1999 or extensive extraction with water at or near boiling temperature (Handa, 1969;Handa & Tominaga, 1969;Handa & Yanagi, 1969;Hama & Handa, 1992;Wustman et al, 1997). Cell disruption was often assisted by lyophilization of the diatoms or, in the study of chrysolaminaran from P. tricornutum, by pulverizing frozen cells (Ford & Percival, 1965).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell disruption was often assisted by lyophilization of the diatoms or, in the study of chrysolaminaran from P. tricornutum, by pulverizing frozen cells (Ford & Percival, 1965). Compositional and structural analyses confirmed that chrysolaminaran was the dominant component extracted by these methods (Ford & Percival, 1965;Handa, 1969;Handa & Tominaga, 1969;Handa & Yanagi, 1969;Myklestad & Haug, 1972;Smestad Paulsen & Myklestad, 1978;Wustman et al, 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The glucans extracted with warm water from diatoms are mainly derived from intracellular chrysolaminaran and not extracellular polysaccharides

Chiovitti

Molino

Crawford

et al. 2004

European Journal of Phycology

106

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Several recent studies have employed warm-water treatment of diatom cells to extract nominally bound extracellular polymeric substances. Where examined, the dominant neutral sugar in these extracts was glucose. In the present study, we sought to characterize the structure of the glucose-rich polymers in the water extracts of diatoms and to determine the origin of these polymers. The marine diatoms surveyed were Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Cylindrotheca fusiformis, Craspedostauros australis and Thalassiosira pseudonana. A freshwater species, Pinnularia viridis, was also investigated for the dye labelling experiments. Freshly harvested marine diatoms were extracted with water at 308C for 1 h. Constituent monosaccharide analyses showed that glucose was the dominant neutral sugar (80 -95 mol% of the total) in the extracts from three marine species, whereas the P. tricornutum extract contained predominantly ribose, galactose and glucose, and was inferred to be enriched in low-molecular-weight components. Linkage analysis of the constituent monosaccharides and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the glucose in these extracts was derived primarily from 1,3-b-D-glucan. Immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal anti-1,3-b-D-glucan antibody confirmed that the glucan was localized in the vacuoles of diatom cells preserved by freeze-substitution. Nearly all diatom cells incubated with a fluorescent dye, DiBAC 4 (3), during warm water treatment at 308C or 608C incorporated the dye, demonstrating that the membrane integrity of the diatoms was compromised and supporting the contention that intracellular glucan was released during the treatment. In light of these data, the extracellular glucans of diatoms reported in some previous studies are re-interpreted as intracellular chrysolaminaran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The glucans extracted with warm water from diatoms are mainly derived from intracellular chrysolaminaran and not extracellular polysaccharides

Chiovitti

Molino

Crawford

et al. 2004

European Journal of Phycology

106

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“…In this study, we describe the effects of natural UVR on the patterns of biosynthesis and the composition of monosaccharide components within the carbohydrate pool of marine phytoplankton. Investigations of monosaccharides in marine phytoplankton have shown that they can be easily separated into a hot-water-extractable fraction, consisting lar,gely of storage monosaccharides, and a hotwater-insoluble fraction, consisting mainly of structural or cell wall monosaccharides (Handa 1969;Handa and Tominaga 1969). Our investigation encompasses the effect of UVR on these two fractions and discusses its implications for the marine food and biogeochemical cycles in the sea.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of neutral monosaccharide constituents of storage and structural carbohydrates in natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton exposed to ultraviolet radiation

Goés

Handa

Taguchi

et al. 1996

Limnology & Oceanography

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We used the 13C tracer technique in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to examine the impact of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the patterns ofbiosynthesis and composition of monosaccharides in natural assemblages of phytoplankton photoadapting to high light intensities. Exposure to UVR resulted in a decrease in the rates of phytoplankton photosynthesis and a marked reduction in the rates of production and pool sizes of neutral monosaccharides within the storage carbohyd-ate fraction (operationally defined as carbohydrates soluble in hot water). In contrast, the biosynthesis of r:eutral monosaccharides associated with cell wall or structural carbohydrates (operationally defined as the fraction of carbohydrates insoluble in hot water) showed an increase in the presence of UVR, which, although marginal, was consistent from stalion to station. The decline in pool sizes of monosaccharides within the storage carbohydrate fraction was largely responsible for the decline in the overall carbohydrate content of the cells. The diminution in the rates of synthesis and pool sizes of glucose within this fraction represented one of the most significant differences compared to phytoplankton shielded from UVR. In the structural carbohydrate fraction, the synthesis of several component monosaccharides was consistently higher in phytoplankton exposed to UVR.

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Linking biochemical properties of particles to particle‐attached and free‐living bacterial community structure along the particle density gradient from freshwater to open ocean

2016

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To test the hypothesis that particle composition has a stronger influence on the community structure of particle‐attached than free‐living bacteria, elemental (C/N, δ13C, and δ15N) and chemical composition of particles and the size‐fractionated bacterial community composition were examined along the particle density gradient from the Pearl River to the open basin in the South China Sea. Microbial communities were collected at the three size fractions of 0.2–0.8, 0.8–3, and >3 µm, and the community composition was analyzed using high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 regions). Multivariate analysis evaluating the similarities of bacterial community composition and chemical composition of particles revealed their general consistent spatial variations along the particle density gradient from freshwater to the sea basin. However, compositions of particulate organic matter were more strongly related to the free living than to the particle‐attached bacterial community composition, which was composed of relatively abundant anaerobic bacteria and those taxa preferring low‐oxygen conditions. This latter result might be caused by low‐oxygen microzones in particles. Community network models further revealed tighter interactions within the particle‐attached than in free‐living bacterial communities, suggesting that a relatively confined space in particles is more favorable for interactions within the community. These analyses indicated that particle microniche properties might be important in shaping particle‐attached community structure. In contrast, particulate organic matter compositions significantly influenced the free‐living bacterial community probably through the release of labile or semilabile organic matter from particles contributing to the bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon.

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Studies on water-extractable carbohydrates of the particulate matter from the northwest Pacific Ocean

Cited by 88 publications

References 25 publications

The glucans extracted with warm water from diatoms are mainly derived from intracellular chrysolaminaran and not extracellular polysaccharides

The glucans extracted with warm water from diatoms are mainly derived from intracellular chrysolaminaran and not extracellular polysaccharides

Metabolism of neutral monosaccharide constituents of storage and structural carbohydrates in natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton exposed to ultraviolet radiation

Linking biochemical properties of particles to particle‐attached and free‐living bacterial community structure along the particle density gradient from freshwater to open ocean

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